考研真题演练:考研英语一阅读答案解析分享

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考研真题演练:考研英语一阅读答案解析分享

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions.” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit.”

Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.

In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

21. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.

[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

[D] the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

22. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

[A] Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

[B] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

[D] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

23. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s defence

[A] revealed a cunning personality. [B] centered on trivial issues.

[C] was hardly convincing. [D] was part of a conspiracy.

24. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

[A] generally distorted values. [B] unfair wealth distribution.

[C] a marginalized lifestyle. [D] a rigid moral code.

25. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

[A] The quality of writings is of primary importance.

[B] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

[C] Common humanity is central to news reporting.

[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

Text 4

【答案解析】

36.A 通过题干可以将此题锁定在前两段。第一段指出 Elisabeth 谈到了“我们很多机构都面临着令人沮丧的正直感的丧失”。接下来第二句指出这种正直感的丧失是因为大家普遍认为社会中唯一的分类机制(sorting mechanism)应该是利益和市场。而从第一段最后一句我们看出， 她认为“应该是我们人类自己创造我们想要的社会，而不应该是利益”。可见，Elisabeth 很不认可目前的这种分类机制(sorting mechanism)以及所造成的不良后果，这也正是她感到沮丧的原因。故 A 选项 consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前这种分类机制的后果) 是真正让她沮丧的原因。

37.B 第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson 因为参与手机黑客案件被裁定有罪，然而他的前任却被认定是无罪的。通过这一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德沦丧广泛问题依然存在(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)。即仍然存在一些人没有被裁定有罪。接着文章指出了在新闻业中，已经有记者被认定非法侵入用户手机。而还有一些在等待审判(others await trial)，由此可以推出，将会有更多的记者因为涉及手机黑客案件而被裁定有罪。故正确答案 为选项 B。

38.C 根据题干中的“defence”可以回文定位到文章第四段最后一句话。该句指出 Ms. Brooks 辩护成功的关键在于她对这个事件一无所知(she knew nothing)。而作者在该段第一句话中指出，道德丧失不仅体现在普遍存在的手机黑客这一事实上，更体现在一些审判案件所使用的 条款上，其中最震惊的就是对 Ms. Brooks 的审判。可见，作者对该案的审判持否定态度。因此，认为她的辩护是不可信的。故正确答案为 C。

39.A 通过题干中的“ collective doctrine”可以直接定位到文中第五段第三行。该句指出“collective doctrine”是社会的分类机制应该是利益。接下来可以看出，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的词“efficiency ， flexibility ， shareholder value ， business-friendly ， wealth generation…”，而表示公平、正义的词(Justice，fairness，tolerance…)则被置于边缘。可见， 这种教义(collective doctrine)只关注利益，而忽略了公平与正义，这显然是一种扭曲的价值观。故 A 选项正确。

40.C 作者在最后一段前两句话指出，新闻报道的目的不是为了促进读者的理解，也不是为了追求公平或者违背人类共有的人性，而是通过追求发行量的影响率来破坏人们的生活。即文章从一开始指出的一个问题，为了追求利益而造成了正值感的丧失。从“ruin”一词可以看出，作者对新闻记者的这一行为持否定的态度。并且通过 Ms. Brooks 女士的行为加以佐证。作者通过正话反说的方式，突出新闻报道过程中正值感的重要性。故正确答案为 C，moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper( 在新闻报道中， 道德意识很重要)， 其中 moral awareness 和 integrity 是同义互换。

【全文翻译】

两年前，Rupert Murdoch 的女儿 Elisaberth 曾谈及“我们如此多的机构中令人担忧的诚实正直缺失现象”。她坚定认为，诚实正直的精神已崩塌，原因在于这样一种共识：社会中唯一的“分选机制”应该是利润和市场。但是“创造出我们想要的社会的使我们人，我们人 民群众，而不是利润”。

为了阐明自己的观点，她接着说：“政府、媒体或商业机构中目的以及道德信仰的缺失可能会成为资本主义与自由最危险的目标之一，这一点日益明显。”她认为，这种道德目的的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使其更可能误入歧途，就像曾经大规模非法电话 窃听的情形一样。

窃听审判终结的同时——裁定《世界新闻报》前主编 Andy Coulson 合谋窃听电话罪名成立，而其前任 Rebekah Brooks 被判无罪——更大范围的正直诚信缺失问题依然存在。据悉， 记者们窃听了多达 5500 人的电话。正如 2001 年受雇于《世界新闻报》的电话窃听关键人物Glenn Mulcaire 所承认，这场窃听已经达到了工业规模。其他人在候审。这一长串事件仍在逐渐展开。

在许多方面，道德目的的缺失不仅仅体现为“如此大范围的电话窃听”实情，还体现于 审判所依据的措辞之中。其中揭露的惊人真相之一是 Rebekah Brooks 对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事竟几乎毫不知情，她几乎没想过要去问，而且事实上她从未询问过这些新闻报道的 题材到底是怎么来的。她成功辩词的核心便是她什么都不知道。

在当今社会，待遇优厚的高管无需对发生在自己所运营机构中的事情负责，这已经成为常态。或许我们不该如此惊讶。对这一代人而言，“社会的分选机制应该是利益”已是集体信条。重要的字眼是效率、弹性、股东利益、商业友好、财富创造、销售额、影响力，以及 对报纸来说的发行量。而退至边缘的字眼是公正、公平、宽容、均衡以及责任。

编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是为了增进读者的了解认知，不是为了体现所写内容的公正，也不是为了彰显共同的人性。而是为了发行量和影响力毁掉的生活。Brooks 女士或许曾经，也或许未曾对她的记者们如何获取他们的新闻题材有过怀疑，但她不曾问过任何问题， 不曾做过任何指示——也不曾得到任何可追踪有记录的回答。

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