考研练习:26考研英语一阅读练习题答案及解析

考研练习:26考研英语一阅读练习题答案及解析的内容如下，考研的练习题在备考过程中具有不可替代的作用，同学们可以好好利用练习题更加高效地进行复习备考。下面的文章大家可以仔细阅读，希望能给各位考生带来帮助。

考研练习:26考研英语一阅读练习题答案及解析

Text 3

The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other

journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.” Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place.”

21. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that

[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.

[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

22. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to

[A] found. [B] revised. [C] marked. [D] stored.

23. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may

[A] pose a threat to all its peers. [B] meet with strong opposition.

[C] increase Science’s circulation. [D] set an example for other journals.

24. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now

[A] adds to researchers’ workload.

[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.

[C] has room for further improvement.

[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future.

25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks

[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

Text 3

【答案解析】

31.B 根据题干直接定位到第一段。解题关键在于第二句 The policy follows similar efforts from other journals( 该政策得到其他期刊类似的努力)the policy 指第一句 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, (《科学》杂志把统计检查额外添加到它的同行评审过程中) ， 由此可直接推断出正确答案为[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks (各大期刊正在加强统计数字检查)。选项[A]中 simplify 与原文语意不符，所以选项 C、D 属于无中生有。

32.C 根据题干定位回第二段第三句 Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, (杂志内部编辑将通过更多的审查来标记手稿)。文中运用代入法，把各选项代入句中替换，可知选项 C marked(标记)为正确答案。选项 A found(发现，找到)，选项 B revised(修改)，选项 D stored(存储)。

33.D 根据题干关键词 Giovanni Parmigiani，the establishment of the SBoRE 和 may 定位到第四

段的最后一句“… but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science。选项中的 example 是 model 的同义替换，others journals 是原文中 a larger group of publishing places 的同义替换。文章中出现了 hopefully，表示作者积极的态度。选项 A 中的 threat，选项 B 中的 opposition 分别表达负向消极的态度，所以错误。选项 C increase Science’s circulation(增加《科学》杂志的发行量)，文章并未提到，属于无中生有。

34.C 由题干关键词 David Vaux 和 Science，可定位到第六段最后一句。Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”. (《科学》杂志把论文推给统计员审核有一些优点，但缺点是它依赖于审稿编委会首先需要确定审查的文件。)选项 A 中 workload，选项 B. diminish the role of reviewers 和选项 D 中的 foreseeable future 没有提到，属于无中生有。

35.A 文章第一段由 Science 将增加 statistical checks 引出话题，接下来各段就此问题 McNutt, Giovanni Parmigianni, John Ioannidis, David Vaux 提出各自的看法。文中 statistical，papers 反复提及，可知该词是文中核心词。选项 B 和选项 D 首先排除，偏离主题，statisticians 仅在文中提及，非重点讨论内容;选项 C 与文中主题相差较大，因此排除。

【全文翻译】

《科学》期刊主编 Marcia McNutt 今天宣布，杂志拟对其同行评审程序增加额外的一轮统计审查。该政策效仿了其他杂志的类似举措，是出于人们对“数据分析中的基本错误导致 许多已经发表的研究成果无法复制”的普遍担忧。

“读者必须对我们期刊上发表的研究结论有信心，” Marcia McNutt 在一篇社论中写道。该期刊与美国统计协会合作，已任命七名专家组成一个统计评审编辑委员会(简称 SBoRE)。原稿将由该期刊的内部编辑、或其现有评审编委会、或由外部同行评审者做出标记，以接受额外审查。SBoRE 专家组随后会聘请外来的统计学家来审查这些原稿。

当被问及是否因为某些特定的论文而促成了这次改变，Marcia McNutt 说：“‘统计委员会’的创建是受对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关切的驱动，也是《科学》为提升 其发表研究的可复制性的全面努力的一部分。”

哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、SBoRE 成员 Giovanni Parmigianni 说，他期望该委员会“主要发挥某种咨询作用”。他同意加入委员会是因为他“发现 SBoRE 创立背后的远见是新颖、独特的，而且很可能会产生一种持久影响这种影响将不仅仅会遍及《科学》自己 发表的文章，也有望波及一大批可能想效法《科学》此举的出版单位。”

专攻研究方法论的医师 Jonh Ioannidis 说，该规定是“最令人欣慰的一步迈进”，它“老早就应该出台”。“大部分期刊在统计审查方面都很薄弱，这种情况有损发表内容的质量。我认为，对于当前大部分科研论文来说，统计审查比专家评审更为关键，”他说道。不过他也指出，生物医学类期刊，像《内科学年鉴》《美国医学协会杂志》以及《柳叶刀》等都对统计审查格外重视。

专业的科学家应当知道如何分析数据，但是据细胞生物学家 David Vaux 所说，统计错误在已发表的研究中令人震惊地普遍。2012 年他写道，研究人员应该提高他们的水准，但期刊杂志也应该采取更为严格的方针，“让精通统计的评审专家以及能够核实此研究过程的编辑参与审查”。Vaux 说，《科学》把一些论文交给统计学家审查这一想法“有一定优点，但是有一个缺点是，他首先要依赖评审编辑委员会来鉴别‘哪些论文需要仔细评审’”。

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