考研英语一必备阅读理解原文答案及解析

考研英语一必备阅读理解原文答案及解析是今天准备给大家分享的内容，考研的真题有助于考生在复习时更加关注重点题型，提高复习效率。下面的信息分享给各位同学，期盼各位考生都能一战成硕。

考研英语一必备阅读理解原文答案及解析

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Come on—Everybody’s doing it.That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze

sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure.

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics.

[C] an obstacle to school progress.

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors.

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers.

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience.

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers.

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements.

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors.

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure.

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding. [D]produce a long-lasting social effect.

24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends.

[B] will mislead behavioral studies.

[C] occurs without our realizing it.

[D] can produce negative health habits.

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

[A] harmful.

[B] desirable.

[C] profound.

[D] questionable.

【答案解析】

1. 答案：D

【解析】文章首段包含了两方面的内容，作者先简单介绍 Peer pressure，再引出 Tina Rosenberg在她的新书 Join the Club 中对于 peer pressure 的看法，这篇文章是以一篇书评的形式出现。而题目“根据第一段，同伴压力的出现常常是…”问的仅仅是同伴压力，并无涉及到 Tina Rosenberg 或者她的新书，因此答案则应主要涉及文章对于 peer pressure 的介绍，而非 Tina 对于 peer pressure 的看法。首段第三句明确指出：同伴压力通常会导致不好的结果，如酗酒、吸毒、滥交等，故答案选 D，D 选项是对第三句的同义改写：usually→often; leads to→emerges as a cause of; no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex→undesirable behaviors。

2. 答案:B

【解析】根据题干关键词“public-health advocates”可以定位到第三段最后一句话“Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure”,即应该向善于运用同伴压力的的广告人学习，这里主要是对于短语“take a page from”的理解，答案选 B。

3. 答案 A

【解析】根据题干“在作者看来，Rosenberg 的书没能…”，所选答案是要找出作者看来这本书的缺点是什么。文章第四段第一句话说“但是，在…方面，Rosenberg 不太有说服力”， 紧接着说“Join the Club 中太多无关的细节，而对于使同伴压力能产生如此大作用的社会和生物因素并未做足够的探究”，这句话充分说明了在作者心目中这本书的不足在哪儿，故答案选 A。

4. 答案 C

【解析】这是一道细节题。文章第五段首句告诉我们 peer groups 确实会对行为产生很大的影响，第二句具体说明影响的内容，即好的习惯和不好的习惯都会通过社会交际在朋友圈中 传递，最后一句则对这种影响进行了总结，“这是同伴压力的细微表现，我们无意识地模仿 日常所见到的行为”。而分析题干和选项，我们发现该题是对“imitation of behavior”进行归纳，回到原文，找到“我们无意识地模仿日常所见到的行为”，答案即刻清晰，这里是对

unconsciously 一词进行了释义，因此 C 选项正确。

5. 答案 C

【解析】这道题考查作者对于 peer pressure 所能带来的影响的态度，作者通过最后一段第一句话首先向我们表明他对“专家和其他官方人员是否能成功选择同伴来引导他们的行为朝好 的方向发展”的不肯定，接下来以教师指导学生的例子为说明，得出结论“The tactic never really works.”(这个策略从来没有真正起作用)。通过作者的这样一番描述，可以看出，作者对于 peer pressure 是否能有效果是质疑的，故答案选 D。

【全文翻译】

快来吧—大家都在这样做呢。这句半邀请半强迫的耳语是我们大多数人在听到“同伴压 力”一词时会想到的。这种信息一般让人想到不好的事—酗酒、吸毒以及随意性行为。但蒂 娜·罗森伯格在其新作《加入俱乐部》中声称，通过她所谓的“社会治疗”，同伴压力也可 以成为一种积极的力量。在“社会治疗”中，组织机构和官员们利用群体互动的力量来帮助 改善个人改善生活，甚至可能改进整个世界。

罗森伯格是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子，在南卡罗莱纳州，一项由 州政府资助的名为“怒对烟雾”的反吸烟活动意在让吸烟成为落伍行为。在南非，一场名为 “珍爱生命”的 HIV 预防倡议活动招募年轻人在其同龄人中推行安全性行为。

这个想法似乎是可行的，罗森伯格是一个有洞察力的观察者。他对于公共健康运动缺陷 的评论正中要点：它们没能调动起同伴压力以促进健康习惯的生成，而且他们显示出了一种 对心理学严重错误的理解。“你敢与众不同吗，那就不要吸烟!”兴起了一个以在青年人中 减少吸烟为目的的标语运动，这些青年人想做的只是融入。罗森伯格的建议令人信服：公共 健康支持者应该向广告商取经，他们很擅长于应用同伴压力。

但对于社会治疗的总体效力，罗森伯格并没有说服力。她的书中充满了太多无关的细节， 没有充分探究那些促就同伴如此强大的社会和生物因素。正如书中所揭示的那样，社会治疗最明显的缺陷是它不能长期运转良好。一旦资金被削减，“怒对烟雾”就会失败。“珍爱运动”活动产生持久变化的证据有限而且有好有坏。

毫无疑问我们的同伴群体对我们的行为产生巨大的影响。不断涌现的大量新研究表明， 积极健康和坏习惯都通过社交在朋友圈中传播。这是同伴压力一个隐秘的形式：我们会无意识的模仿我们每天看到的行为。

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