考研英语一阅读答案及解析:26考研考生必备

现在给大家分享考研英语一阅读答案及解析:26考研考生必备，考研真题在备考过程中扮演着至关重要的角色，建议考生在备考过程中充分利用真题资源进行有针对性的复习和准备。各位同学们参考如下文章内容，期盼各位考生都能一战成硕。

考研英语一阅读答案及解析:26考研考生必备

Text 3

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

21. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment.

B our faith in science and technology. C our awareness of potential risks.

D our belief in equal opportunity.

22. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are A a misplaced race.

B a sustained species.

C the world’s dominant power. D a threat to the environment.

23. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? A The interest in science fiction is on the rise.

B Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. C Technology offers solutions to social problems. D Our immediate future is hard to conceive.

24. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to A draw on our experience from the past.

B adopt an optimistic view of the world. C explore our planet’s abundant resources. D curb our ambition to reshape history.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Uncertainty about Our Future

B Evolution of the Human Species

C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science, Technology and Humanity

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30. 【答案解析】正确答案是 B。细节题。根据题干已知信息Our vision of the future 和过去时的标志性短语used to 定位到第一段。第一句指出过去人们对未来的想象是积极的，第二句解释其原因：科学和技术能解决人类所有问题，给人们带来圆满的生活和无限的机遇。可见人们过去之所以对未来很乐观是因为对科技是充满信心的。B 是该句的同义替换，所以B 项正确。

31. 【答案解析】正确答案是B。细节题。根据题干已知信息The IUCN’s “Red List” 定位到第三段 we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years “就算不能存续数十万年，我们也有绝佳的机会能够存续数万年”。由此可知，人类是持续性物种。B 是对第三句这一论点的概括总结，并且由论据本身“人类分布广泛，适应能力强，数量正在增加，并且目前人类尚未遇到致整体数量减少的大威胁”也可推出B 正确。

32. 【答案解析】正确答案是 D。细节题。定位到第五段，A 项中的 science fiction 虽在该段第二句有所提及，但并未提及人们对其的兴趣，所以 A 不正确。B 曲解文意， 该段最后一句中 Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future“Arc 是专门研究不远的将来的一种新刊物”，而不是“Arc 有助于限定未来学的研究范围”。根据C 项中的technology 可将其定位在第二句，该句明确指出科技的演化及其带来的社会后果是复杂的，所以最好把探索我们所能设想的众多可能性的任务留给科幻作家和未来学家，整句话未提及solutions，也没有提到social problem，所以C 错误。根据D 项中的immediate future 可将其定位于该段首句，该句明确指出想象 lengthy timescales 要比想象immediate future 容易，换言之，想象我们不远的将来比较难。所以D 项正确。

33. 【答案解析】正确答案是 A。细节题。根据题干已知信息 future of the mankind 以及出题顺序与段落顺序基本保持一致的原则定位到最后两段。第六段第一句转折指出，从更远的视角来看，竟然有相当多的事情是我们可以非常确定的。第二句阐明原因： 过去是通向未来的关键(key，对应题干的 crucial)，我们现已识别出足够多的形成地球和人类历史的长期模式，以便有根据地预测我们的后代将来所处的环境。换言之，为了确保人类的将来，关键要吸取过去经验。所以A 正确。

34. 【答案解析】正确答案是 C。主旨题。文章主要围绕对人类未来的预测而展开， 在文末指出尽管人类的未来不完全美好，但我们有足够的知识，能够减少曾经威胁早期人类的诸多风险，改善我们后代的处境。可见作者对人类的未来的态度是积极的，所以C 是答案。

【全文翻译】

直到几十年前，我们对于未来的展望尽管不一致，但在很大程度上却都是非常积极的。科学和技术能解决人类所有难题，给人们带来圆满的生活和无限的机遇。

如今乌托邦一样的理想社会已经过时了，因为我们更加深刻地认识到了所面临的威胁，从行星相撞到流行性感冒，再到气候变化。你甚至可能会倾向于认为人类的未来会变得渺茫。

但是，这种悲观情绪是不该有的。化石的记录表明许多物种已经延续了数百万年--- 所以为什么我们人类不能呢?以更广阔的视野来审视我们人类在宇宙中的地位，很明显，我们即使存活不了数十万年，但再存活数万年是大有希望的。不妨看看国际自然保护联盟IUCN 列出的濒危物种的“红色名单”中对于“智人”的描述：“被列为‘无危物种’，他们分布及其广泛，适应能力强，目前数量正在增加，而且不存在造成其整体数量减少的重大威胁”。

所以我们遥远的未来会怎样呢?现在，越来越多的研究人员和组织正在认真思考这个问题。比如，今日永存基金会就设计了一个几千年以后仍然在计时的机械表作为它的旗舰项目。

或许我们故意去设想时间跨度这么长的未来，而不去想像最近的将来，因为前者更容易。如今的技术变革和它对社会的影响非常复杂，或许最好把我们能够想象的多种可能性留给科幻小说作家和未来学家去探索。这就是我们发起 Arc 的一个原因，它是一本专门研究不远未来的全新刊物。

但是从更远的视角来看，竟然有相当多的事情是我们可以非常确定的。因为通常， 过去是通向未来的关键，我们现已识别出足够多的形成地球和人类历史的长期模式，以便有根据地预测我们的后代将来所处的环境。

这种对未来的长远观点使得我们对未来悲观的看法更有可能转瞬即逝。诚然，未来并不完全是美好的。但是，现在我们有足够的知识，能够减少威胁前人生存的危险因素并改善后人的命运。

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