考研刷题推荐:考研英语一阅读答案及解析

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考研刷题推荐:考研英语一阅读答案及解析

Text 2

All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.

There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.

Text 2

1. 答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一 段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”与题干有重合之处，选项 D 是该句的同义替换。A、B、C 三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。

2. 答案：C。该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“the costs of legal education”精确定位到第三段第二句话“One is the excessive costs of a legal education.”问题是“which of the following adds to the costs of legal education”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.”分析选项可知，选项 C 恰当概况了该句子

的涵义。A 选项利用三段末尾的“This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进行干扰。B 选项无中生有。D 选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。

3. 答案：B。该题是原因细节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“the reform of the legal system” 定位到第二句“Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.”选项 B 即为该句的同义替换。

4. 答案：A。该题为因果细节题，问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次，题干中出现“the guild-like ownership structure”，精确定位到第二句“Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.”此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.”从而可以得出答案选 A。

5. 答案：C。该题为文章主旨题，考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章，前 5 段均在说美

国法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.”。因此，该篇属于问题解决型文章，选 C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以偏概全。

【全文翻译】

在世界各地，律师比其他任何职业的人都更容易引起敌意——除了新闻业。但是很少有地方的客户比美 国更有理由抱怨。

在经济危机前的十年里，美国法律服务支出的增长速度是通货膨胀的两倍。最优秀的律师赚得盆满钵满， 吸引着越来越多的学生涌入法学院。但大多数法律专业毕业生从未进入大律师事务所工作。相反，他们中的许多人成为了那种妨碍案件的诉讼律师，这使得民事侵权法律体系变成了一场代价高昂的噩梦。

有很多原因造成这种情况。其一是法律教育的成本过高。在美国大多数州，要成为律师只有一条路可走: 先在一些不相关的学科上取得四年的本科学位，然后在美国律师协会(American Bar Association)认证的 200 所法学院之一获得三年的法律学位，最后还得花费一笔巨资准备律师资格考试。这使得今天的法学院毕业生除本科债务外，还要背负着 10 万美元的债务。法学院债务意味着他们必须非常努力地工作。

改革这一制度将有利于律师和他们的客户。切实可行的建议已经存在了很长一段时间，但是管理这个 行业的国家级机构过于保守，无法实施它们。建议之一是允许人们在本科阶段学习法律。另一个建议是让学生在法学院只上两年后就能参加律师资格考试。如果律师资格考试对一个想成为律师的人来说确实是一场足够严厉的考试，那么应该允许那些能早点参加的人提前参加考试。不需要额外培训的学生便能将他们堆积如山的债务削减三分之一。

法律费用如此之高的另一个原因是该行业类似于行会性质的限制性所有权结构。除哥伦比亚特区外，非 律师身份者不可以拥有律师事务所的任何股份。这使得费用高昂，创新缓慢。律师行业内部存在变革的呼声，但监管机构中反对变革的人士坚称，将外部人士拒之门外，会让律师们免受赚钱的压力，而按照职业 道德为客户服务。

事实上，允许非律师拥有律师事务所的股份，通过鼓励律师事务所使用科技以及聘请职业经理人专注于 提高律师事务所的效率，可以降低成本，改善对客户的服务。毕竟，其他国家，如澳大利亚和英国，已经开始放宽对其法律行业的限制。美国应该效仿。

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