每个考生都要了解的考研英语一真题答案解析

每个考生都要了解的考研英语一真题答案解析的内容如下，真题中的知识点往往会复现，即使题目形式发生变化，考察的内容也换汤不换药。如下信息供各位考生参考，希望能帮到各位考生。

每个考生都要了解的考研英语一真题答案解析

Text 4

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.

There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.

In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.

Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most notoriously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.

John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.

21. It can be learned from the first paragraph that

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.

[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists.

22. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?

[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.

[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.

[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions. [D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.

23. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is

[A] illegally secured.

[B] indirectly augmented.

[C] excessively increased.

[D] fairly adjusted.

24. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions [A]often run against the current political system.

[B]can change people’s political attitudes. [C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. [D]are dominant in the government.

25. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of

[A] disapproval.

[B] appreciation.

[C] tolerance.

[D] indifference.

Text 4

26. C

【解析】

根据题干定位于第一段 When ...were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. 意思是 1960 年时， 美国政府部门只有 1/10 的人是工会成员，但是现在 比例是 36%。所以 C 选项正确。

27. D

【解析】

该题很容易根据题干定位于第二段。本段列出了公共部门工会发展迅速的三点原因，第一个 原因就是公共部 门 的 工 会 可 以 罢 工 停 业 而 不 用 承 担 后 果 ( shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences)，也就是 D 选项所说的公共部门工会很少因自身行动惹上麻烦。

38.B

【解析】

该题很容易定位于文章的第四段。题干是“国家部门人员的工资状况是”。做这道题要把第四 段整体理解。注意 But 后面的内容，尤其是 keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous。 大意是公共部门员工的工资涨幅很小，但是节假日福利津贴很多。B 选项的 indirectly augment 意思是“间接地增加”。和原文意思“公有部门人员的收入是来源于福利等间接收入，而非正常的工资收入”符合。

39.C

【解析】

题干的意思是“举威斯康辛社团为例，表明社团 ”。该题根据题干中关键词 Wisconsin 定位于倒数第二段。该段指出：由于工会给其他人带来的弊端越来越明显，政治学家们已经着手遏制这种趋势。在 Wisconsin，工会召集了成千上万的拥护者来反对该州强硬的共和州州长，然后又进一步指出，然而在现行体制下，有许多公共部门的员工也深受其害。因此， 工会已经成为公共部门改革的一大障碍。

40. A

【解析】

文中人物的观点态度题。该题定位于最后一段，第一句话指出 John 认为西方公共服务中的文化准则适用于想维持原状的人们而对于有比较高成就的人们就不利了，很明显持否定态度，最后再次指出不能造福于高成就人们的公共服务系统对于美国可能是一个更大的麻烦， 也再次证实了作者的观点是不支持的即 A 选项。

【全文翻译】

如果工会主义者吉米·霍福还活着，那么可能会代表公务员。1960 年，霍福领导的美国卡车司机工会正处于全盛时期，只有 10%的美国政府工作人员是属于工会的;现在这个

数字是 36%。到 2009 年，美国 公共部门的工会成员超过了私有部门。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，而私有部门只有 15%。

有三点能解释公有部门工会的繁荣。首先，他们可以罢工停业而不用承担太多后果。第二，他们大多 数人是杰出的而且受过良好的教育。大概有四分之一的人有大学学历。第三， 他们现在在偏左派政治中占 主导地位。他们和左派的渊源可以追述到很久以前。英国的工党，正如其名所示，长期以来一直与工会有联系。他们现在的领袖艾德·米利邦德就是在公共工会的支持下当选的。

他们在州中的影响更是可怕。加州公共政策研究所的马克·百德瑟锐指出，加州大部分 的财政预算受工会监督检查。教师工会密切关注学校的各项事务，加州感化治安官协会监督 监狱，还有各种各样的劳工 组织监督医疗保健。

在许多富有的国家中，公共部门的平均工资会比私人部门高。但主要的收入来自福利和 工作制度。政治学家们一直在反复“变相的提高”公共部门的薪酬，使得他们的收入增长看 起来平缓，但是会从假期和已经非常充足的退休金中弥补。

公共部门的改革得到了工会的强烈反对，在教育方面可能最激烈：特许学校，学院以及 教师的绩效工 资奖金都将面临一场持久战。尽管有大量事实表明教师的素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会仍然反对开除 较差的教师并晋升优秀的老师。

由于工会给其他人带来的弊端越来越明显，政客们已经着手遏制这种趋势。在威斯康辛 州，已经有上 千人集合起来反对强硬的共和党人斯科特·沃克。但是在现行体制下，有许多公共部门的员工也深受其害。

哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳林指出西方机构中的文化模式适合那些维持现状的 人，不利于那些进取的人。然而对于那些成绩卓著的人来说是十分不利的。在美国公共部门 的员工中，只有大学的体育教练和美国总统的年收入能超过 25 万美元。银行家的高工资引起了大量的批评，但是不奖励高成就者的公共部门系统可能是美国更大的一个问题。

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以上就是每个考生都要了解的考研英语一真题答案解析，做真题不仅可以检验考生的知识掌握程度，还可以帮助考生熟悉考试流程和节奏，提升实战能力。祝各位同学们都能成功上岸。

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