考研英语一阅读理解真题答案解析分享

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考研英语一阅读理解真题答案解析分享

Text 1

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion.” In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand

more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A lack of imagination.

B poor bargaining skill.

C obsession with high fashion. D insensitivity to fashion.

22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to A combat unnecessary waste.

B shop for their garments more frequently. C resist the influence of advertisements.

D shut out the feverish fashion world.

23. The word “indictment” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to A accusation.

B enthusiasm. C indifference. D tolerance.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

C Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. D People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

25. What is the subject of the text?

A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. D Exposure of a mass-market secret.

Text 1

1. 【答案解析】正确答案是 D。细节题。根据题干已知信息 Priestly 和criticize 定位到首段首句，去掉状语和插入语，首句的主干信息为 Priestly scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. 意思为“Priestly 责怪她那没有魅力的助手，因为她的助手认为顶级时尚并没有影响到她”。题干的criticizes 对应文中的scolds，选项 Binsensitivity to fashion 对应文中high fashion doesn’t affect her，是对原文首句的概括总结。所以D 选项正确。

2. 【答案解析】正确答案是 B。细节题。根据题干已知信息 Cline，labels 和consumers定位到第二段第四句，去掉两个破折号之间的插入语，此句的主干信息为 Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks，意思为“那些商标鼓励有时尚意识的消费者把衣服视为一次性用品，并且每隔几周更新衣橱”。B 是对该句的同义替换，题干的urge 对应文中的encourage，选项中的 garments 对应文中 wardrobe，shop for…frequently 对应文中 renew… every few weeks。所以B 选项正确。

3. 【答案解析】正确答案是 A。词义题。根据题干已知信息定位到第二段首句。推

测“indictment”的词义需结合上下文语境，首句中 Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”，可见“indictment”是 Cline 对待快速时尚的态度。所以根据该段末句中 Cline argues 这一关键点，理解末句含义便可推测出“indictment”的词义。末句主要信息为“这些品牌扰乱了时尚周期，撼动了长期适应于季节性节奏的整个行业”。可见 Cline 所有的

态度是反向的，批判的。A 项“指控，谴责”符合题意，所以选为答案。

4. 【答案解析】正确答案是C。推理题。A 项中vanity 是关键词，可定位在该段最后一句话。但是该选项中的比较内容在原文中未出现，所以明显不对。B 项与该段的首句话内容“一些快时尚公司已经努力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响”明显矛盾，所以不正确。D 项又是一个比较句，要特别注意其比较的内容。尽管该段最后一句是个比较句， 但其比较的对象是购物的可持续性，而不是选项中的“买不起的衣物”，所以该选项也不正确。很明显，选项C 是对该段最后一句话的正确理解。“人们只有买不起衣服时才会开始可持续性购物”，这充分说明价格对于可持续性购物的重要性，故正确选项为 C。

5. 【答案解析】正确答案是 C。主旨题。由文章结构可知：首段举例引入时尚主题。第二段引出文章主旨fast fashion 并且指出了它对于时尚产业的破坏作用。第三四段通过数据和举例进一步例证 fast fashion 的弊端。第五六段指出可以采取的解决办法：人们往往只有在无法支付的情况下才会进行可持续性购买。可见 fast-fashion 为文章的中心词，且作者的态度是批判性的。所以C 选项正确。

【全文翻译】

在 2006 年上映的电影《穿Prada 的女王》中，由梅丽尔·斯特里普扮演的米兰达·普利斯特里责备了她那没有魅力的助手，是因为她的助手认为顶级时尚对她没有影响。普利斯特里数落说，助手的深蓝色毛衣经历岁月的变迁从时装展退化到百货商店，进而沦落到清货区。这个可怜女孩身上的毛衣无疑淘自清货区。

时尚行业这种自上而下的理念都非常过时，也与伊丽莎白·席琳历时三年完成的《盛装》一书中指责的“快时尚”所描述的狂热世界不相符。在过去十年左右的时间里，技术进步已使Zara, H&M, 和Uniqlo 这样的大众市场品牌能够更迅速地应对潮流，更精准地预测需求。更快速的周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的新品发布以及更多的利润回收。那些品牌促使对时尚敏感的消费者将服装看作一次性用品—— 只洗一两次就扔掉， 虽然他们并没有做这样的广告宣传 ——并且每隔几周更新衣橱。席琳认为，通过以极低的价格提供时尚物品，这些品牌劫持了时尚周期，动摇了长期以来习惯于以“季”为周期的整个产业。

当然，这场变革的受害者并不仅限于设计师。H&M 品牌要想向世界各地 2300 多家分店供应价格为 5.95 美元的针织迷你裙，它必须依赖廉价的海外劳动力和大额订单，这些订单使得(服装企业)过度消耗自然资源并且使用大量的有害化学制品。

席琳认为：“《盛装》是时尚界对于像Michael Pollan 所著的《杂食者的困境》这样的消费者维权畅销书的一种回应。大批量生产的衣服像快餐一样，满足了饥饿和需求， 却是非耐用品，而且是种浪费。”她发现，美国人一年购买大约 200 亿件衣服，平均每

人 64 件，而且无论他们捐出去多少，这样的过量置衣都会造成浪费。

在《盛装》的结尾，席琳介绍了她心目中的典范，一个名叫 Sarah Kate Beaumont

的布鲁克林女人，她从 2008 年开始所有的衣服都自己制作，而且很漂亮。但是正如席琳首次提到的那样，Beaumont 花费了几十年来完善她制作衣服的手艺，她的成功不是一蹴而就的。

尽管一些快时尚公司(包括 H&M 和它的绿色 Conscious Collection 系列)已经努力遏制它们对劳动力和环境造成的影响，但是席琳认为持续的变化只能通过消费者达成。她对无论是在食品行业还是能源领域支持可持续性的人士，提出了他们共同的理念。每个人都有虚荣心;人们往往只有在无法支付的情况下才会进行可持续性的购买。

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