考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析

考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析已经公布啦，真题中的知识点往往会复现，即使题目形式发生变化，考察的内容也换汤不换药。考生们可以根据自己的实际情况来了解以下文章内容，希望能给各位考生带来帮助。

考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析

Text 1

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit — and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on," he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to

feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to

[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.

[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.

[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.

[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.

22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.

[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.

[C] to register for an allowance from the government.

[D] to attend a governmental job-training program.

23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.

[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.

[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.

[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel

[A] uneasy

[B] enraged.

[C] insulted.

[D] guilty.

25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.

[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.

[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.

[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

Text 1

文章概括：政府大臣 Grorge Osbome 提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。

1. 答案：B。本道题的关键是 intended to 问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了 in order to ,则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择 B 选项。

2. 答案：C。词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，to sign on 前面有一个很明显的 not， 则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该 spend looking for work，正好和 A 选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，再结合上下句意思，则选择C 选项最合适，意为“登记领取政府津贴”。

3. 答案: D。细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的 prompted 和 chancellor，根据 chancellor 能定位到二段最后一句话：(what motivated him...)，该句指出，激励 chancellor 制定其计划的是对最基本公平的热情：保护纳税者，控制开支，确保只有最应资助的申请者才能领到补贴。所以 D 项正确。

4. 答案: A。细节题。第三段集中论述了失业带给人们的打击：经济窘迫，心理尴尬，感觉不被需要，失去原有的目标及有序感，无比渴望早日找到工作。可见，失业令人内心惶恐不安， 所以 A 项最合适。其它选项表达的意思太强烈或负面。

5. 答案: D。第四段第三、四、五句指出，Osborne 的计划完全偏离了英国福利制度“无条件帮助人们度过危机”的原则，使得失业者没有任何权利或保障。可见坐这儿认为救济金不应设为“有条件的”，所以选 D。

【全文翻译】

为了“让生活变得更美好”并减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本(George Osborne)

推出了“前期工作搜索”计划。只有当失业者带着简历来到就业中心，注册在线求职，并开始

找工作，他们才有资格获得福利(救济金)——此后他们应该每周而不是每两周报告一次。还有什么比这更合理的呢?

接下来还有更明显的合理性。现在，申请求职者要等七天才能拿到求职者的津贴。“最初的几天应该用来找工作，而不是指望登记(领取救济金)，”他声称。“我们做这些事情是因为我们知道，它们帮助人们远离救济，且能帮助那些依靠救济的人更快地找到工作。”帮助? 真的吗? 乍听之下，这位心系社会的财政大臣正试图让生活变得更美好，他对一个明显具有纵容性的体系进行了“改革”——旧有的体系对新失业者找工作的努力要求太少，而且为懒惰提供补贴。不过我们要明白，真正激励他的是他对“基本公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出， 确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能领到救济金。

失去一份工作是痛苦的: 你不会哼着一首歌、蹦蹦跳跳地来到就业中心，为能从慷慨的政府那里获得双倍收入而高兴。失业在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，而且你知道救济是非常少的，而且非常难得到。你现在不被需要，被排除在为你的生活提供目标和结构的工作环境之外。更糟的是，养活自己和家人、支付账单的关键收入已经消失。问问任何一个刚失业的人他们想要什么，答案总是: 一份工作。

但在奥斯本看来，你的第一本能是陷入依赖——如果你能得到永久的依赖——得到一个完全准备好纵容你的错误的国家的支持。这就好像 20 年来对求职和福利管理制度进行的更加严格的改革从未发生过一样。

英国福利制度的原则不再是“你可以为自己购买失业保险，并在灾难发生时获得无条件的赔偿。” 甚至连“求职者津贴”一词，都是关于重新定义失业者为“求职者”，他们没有基本权利

享受通过缴纳国民保险而获得的福利。相反，申请人会收到一份有时限的“津贴”，条件是积极求职; 没有福利和保险，有的只是每周 71.70 英镑，是欧盟补贴最低的国家之一。

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