考研备考:考研英语二阅读真题答案解析

考研备考:考研英语二阅读真题答案解析是今天准备给大家分享的内容，考研的真题有助于考生在复习时更加关注重点题型，提高复习效率。下面的文章内容供各位考生参考，希望可以帮到大家。

考研备考:考研英语二阅读真题答案解析

Text 1

In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”

There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .

[A] the impact of technological advances

[B] the alleviation of job pressure

[C] the shrinkage of textile mills

[D] the decline of middle-class incomes

22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to .

[A] work on cheap software

[B] ask for a moderate salary

[C] adopt an average lifestyle

[D] contribute something unique

23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .

[A] gains of technology have been erased

[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

[C] factories are making much less money than before

[D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is .

[A] to accelerate the I. T. revolution

[B] to advance economic globalization

[C] to ensure more education for people

[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

[A] New Law Takes Effect

[B] Technology Goes Cheap

[C] Average Is Over

[D] Recession Is Bad

Text 1

19. 【答案解析】正确答案是 A。推理题。题干明确指出答案定位在第一段。答案所在句为 the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated，A 项中的 technological advances 正好对应了原文中出现的“automated”，故为正确答案。结合全文主旨，全文说的就是技术发展的问题， 很容易得出答案是A。B 选项无中生有，原文没有提到。C 选项偷换概念，原文说的是“纺织厂劳动力的缩减”，不是“纺织厂的缩减”。D 属于过度推理，跟中产阶级收入没关系。

20. 【答案解析】正确答案是 D。细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。文章第三段最后一句指出“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.”题干的“to be a successful employee”与原文中的“that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment” 是同义替换，“everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution”与D 项中的“contribute something unique”是同义替换，所以D 项正确。其他选项的干扰来自于文章第三段倒数第二句话，文章明确指出雇主现在可以获得廉价的工作设备和廉价的劳动力……所以拥有一般水平是不行的，这两者并非是成为成功员工的条件，故不正确。

21. 【答案解析】正确答案是B。推理题。根据题干定位到第四段，首句指出作者提出的观点：新技术不断吞噬工作，而且现在的速度在加快。后面引用的话语是对这个论点的具体说明，选项 B 中的“job opportunities”与原文的“job”相对应，“are disappearing at a high speed”与原文“has been eating jobs”以及“there's been acceleration”相对应，故 B 为正确答案。A 选项是根据原文中的 gains 做干扰，原文中 gains 是指“增加的人数”，不是选项A 中的意思“受益”，故A 错误。C 选项过度推理，原文没涉及工厂利益问题。D 明显不是引言要表达的内容。

22. 【答案解析】正确答案是 B。细节题。文章中最后一段出现了与题干“reduce unemployment” 近义的表达“support employment”， 而题干“the most important” 与文章

“nothing would be more important than”相对应，指出促进就业最重要的是颁布类似于“G.I. Bill”的法案来保障人们接受高等教育的权利，故 B 正确。A、C 属于无中生有。D 项虽提及要颁布更多法案，但文中讲的法案是指与“教育”相关的，而非泛指一般的法案，D 项表述不准确，故排除。

23. 【答案解析】正确答案是C。主旨题。从整个文章的脉络来看，第一段揭示了科技进步给人们带来的影响。第二段指出负面影响：高失业率和中产阶级收入下降。第三到五段指出科技的进步引起工厂自动化水平提高，普通员工如果没有竞争力和突出优势，就很容易失去工作，因此也对员工提出了更高的要求。最后一段点明主题，average is officially over。所以正确答案为C。A 项所提到的新法案实施仅仅是局部细节，非全篇的主要话题;B 项则是文章第三段中提出的目前就业市场的一个现状，属于论据;D 项文中并未提到，属于无中生有。

【全文翻译】

《在美国制造》一文中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述了一个来自棉花产地、有关现代纺织厂自动化达到何种程度的笑话：普通工厂如今只有两个员工，“一个人加一条狗。人是负责喂狗的，狗则是为了让人不要靠近机器的。”

戴维森的文章只是新近涌现的诸多同类文章中的一篇，这些文章都提出这样一个观点：目前，我们的失业率居高不下、中产阶级收入下降，很大程度上是由于大萧条造成的需求大幅度降低，但同时也由于全球化和信息技术革命的发展。这种发展使机器或外来雇工取代劳动力的速度超过了以往任何时期。

过去，劳动者拥有一般技能，干一份普通工作，就能过上普通生活。但是现在，平庸已经正是结束。表现平平无法再让你过上普通生活。因为现在越来越多的雇主有大把的机会接触到中等以上水平的外国廉价劳动力、廉价机器人、廉价软件、廉价自动化设备和廉价人才。因此，人人都需要找到额外的价值：一种能够让自己在各种工作领域中脱颖而出的独特价值贡献。

的确，新技术一直在吞噬工作岗位，将来还会继续下去，不过速度一直在加快。如戴维森所言，“2009 年之前的十年内，美国工厂裁员速度之快，其数量基本等于过去 70 年新增员工的总和;制造业岗位中，大概每三个工作岗位就有一个岗位消失了，总共约有 600 万之多。”

变化将会永远存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们确信无疑的是，全球化和科学技术每前进一步，最佳的岗位将要求员工接受过更多、更优质的教育，以使自己超越平庸。

在一个已正式告别平庸的世界里，为促进就业，我们需要做的还有很多，但没有哪个比通过像《退伍军人权利法案》之类的法案来得重要。只有这样，才能保证 21 世纪的每个美国人都能接受高中之后的教育。

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考研备考:考研英语二阅读真题答案解析是今天给大家带来的内容，真题可以作为检验复习效果的重要工具，帮助考生及时了解自己的学习进度和水平。考生们如果还想了解其他考研内容，可以继续关注启航教育。

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