考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析已经公布啦,真题可以帮助考生了解考试的具体题型,从而在复习过程中对不同题型进行有针对性的训练。考生们可以参考以下文章内容,期望能给同学们带来帮助。
考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析
Text 4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.
The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?
“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
21. In the European corporate workplace, generally .
[A] women take the lead
[B] men have the final say
[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed
[D] senior management is family-friendly
22. The European Union’s intended legislation is .
[A] a reflection of gender balance
[B] a response to Reding’s call
[C] a reluctant choice
[D] a voluntary action
23. According to Reding, quotas may help women .
[A] get top business positions
[B] see through the glass ceiling
[C] balance work and family
[D] anticipate legal results
24. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of .
[A] skepticism
[B] objectiveness
[C] indifference
[D] approval
25. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of .
[A] more social justice
[B] massive media attention
[C] suitable public policies
[D] greater “soft pressure”
Text 4
19. 【答案解析】正确答案是 B。细节题。根据题干关键词 European corporate workplace定位到第一段。该段首句直接表明本段中心“欧洲不是一个性别平等的天堂 ”,接下来两句通过递进连接词“in particular”和“indeed”分别阐述中心句,即:“欧洲企业中,男女存在性别差异,并且大部分职位都是由男性担任,女性只占 14%的比例”。由此可知 B 项为正确选项。
20. 【答案解析】正确答案是 C。细节题。根据题干关键词The European Union’s 定位到第二段首句。题干的 ended legislation 则是对原文 now considering legislation 的同义改写,因此正确答案锁定在该内容处。另外,根据本段所述,Reding 的呼吁以及应者寥寥的介绍是为了说明This proposed mandate was born of frustration 一句中的frustration。C 项恰是因为 Reding 的呼吁所得到的响应太少,公司不愿意这样做,才考虑以立法方式促进性别平等。换句话说reluctant choice 是born of frustration 的同义改写。因此C 项为正确选项。
21. 【答案解析】正确答案是 A。细节题。根据题干信息定位至第四段。解题的关键是理解Reding 的观点,即引号中的内容,而重点是 but 后的内容:他喜欢定额所带来的好处:定额可以打开平等之门,并且可以打破这种工作晋升时的无形障碍,后半部分是前面内容的同位语,进一步补充说明:在法国和其他国家,法律条款规定把女性放在企业高层职位中,从而解决男女性别不平等的问题。换句话说,定额可以通过法律的形式帮助女性获得企业高层职位。A 项是对原文信息“placing women in top business positions” 的同义替换,故为正确选项。
22. 【答案解析】正确答案是 D。态度题。本题考查的是作者对 Reding 看法的态度, 第四段提到了他的看法,根据行文发展和出题顺序,大致定位到第五段。第一句用understand 表明作者与Reding 立场相同,第二句通过either 进一步表明此态度。虽然有转折词but,但作者并未反对Reding 的观点。因此D 项为正确选项。
23. 【答案解析】正确答案是C。细节题。题干是对第六段第二句话的同义改写,该段后半部分是举例,因此将本题答案定位在第七段。if 引导的是虚拟条件句,表达作者对未来的期盼,也是作者观点:如果有合理的公共政策帮助女性与 C 项表达相符,因此是正确答案。
【全文翻译】
欧洲不是性别平等的天堂。尤其是在公司,除非女性进入高级管理层参与决策,否则公司将永远不会完全成为家庭友好型场所。欧洲高层企业管理职位大部分仍然是由男性所占据。实际上,女性在欧洲公司董事会只占有 14%的席位。
欧盟现在正在考虑立法,迫使公司董事会维持一定的女性比例——可高达 60%。这项规定的出台是由于一次挫折。去年,欧盟委员会副主席薇薇安·瑞丁发布了一项自愿
行动的号召。瑞丁邀请各公司签名参加支持性别均衡的活动,旨在让女性在董事会占有
40%的比例。但是她的呼吁被认为是失败之举,只有 24 家公司接受其呼吁。
我们是否需要通过定额方式确保女性在平衡工作和家庭时,能继续攀登上公司高层职位的阶梯吗?
瑞丁最近说:“就我个人而言,我不喜欢定额的方式,但是我喜欢定额所达到的效果。”定额会产生行动:他们打开平等之门,打破女性晋升时的障碍。这在法国和其他国家都已有成效,这些国家有法律条款规定女性应处于企业高层职位中。
我理解瑞丁的不情愿和她的沮丧。我也不喜欢定额,这与我对有才能的人进行精英管理的信念背道而驰,即:能者居之。但是,考虑到实现精英式管理时遇到的障碍,似乎还得暂时通过命令才能让世界更公平。
毕竟,四十年的证据已经表明,不管给的“软压力”有多大,欧洲和美国公司正在规避精英式的选才,拒绝女性进入高层。当女性确实突破障碍进入公司权力顶层,如同Facebook 公司的雪莉·桑伯格最近做到的那样,她们会备受关注。因为她们是规则的例外。
如果有合理的公共政策来帮助所有的女性——不管是首席执行官还是他们孩子的保姆——以及所有的家庭,那么在这样一个更公平的社会,桑伯格就不会比任何其他卓越人士更具报道价值了。
具体信息请考生关注院校官网等发布的官方消息。
以上就是考生必备考研英语阅读理解答案及解析,在冲刺阶段,做几套真题试卷用于模拟测试,可以让各位同学提前预测到未来考场上试卷的模样,增强信心。如果各位同学们还有其他想要了解的内容,可以在右侧小窗咨询客服。
【26考研辅导课程推荐】:26考研集训课程,VIP领学计划,26考研VIP全科定制套餐(公共课VIP+专业课1对1) , 这些课程中都会配有内部讲义以及辅导书和资料,同时会有教研教辅双师模式对大家进行教学以及督学,并配有24小时答疑和模拟测试等,可直接咨询在线客服老师领取大额优惠券。
热门下载
资料下载
院校解析
真题解析
考研数学
考研英语
考研政治
考研备考