考研英语二阅读理解真题答案解析分享

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考研英语二阅读理解真题答案解析分享

Text 4

The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.

No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.

But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.

Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.

5. By saying “to find silver linings” (Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to .

[A] seek subsidies from the government

[B] make profits from the troubled economy

[C] explore reasons for the unemployment

[D] look on the bright side of the recession

6. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people .

[A] struggle against each other

[B] realize the national dream

[C] challenge their prudence

[D] reconsider their lifestyle

7. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recession may .

[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants

[B] bring out more evils of human nature

[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D] ease conflicts between races and classes

8. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to .

[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees

[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

[D] recover more quickly than the others

9. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is .

[A] trivial

[B] positive

[C] certain

[D] destructive

Text 4

1. 【答案】D

【解析】题目定位在段首句。所以应该是整段意思的概括。第二句说，失业虽然很痛苦，但 也从很多方面带来好处。冒号后面具体说他们从观念上，生活方式上发生了改变。所以选择 D。

2. 【答案】D

【解析】第二句冒号后面：他们不再那么追求物质，经济上更节俭;同时意识到其他人在努 力奋斗，即 D 选项中 re considertheir lifestyle,重新审视他们的生活方式。

3. 【答案】B

【解析】定位在第三段第二句开始。接下来一句通过关键词 mean-spirited and less inclusive B

选项正是该句的改写，故为正确答案;A 属于过度推理;C、D 意思明显弄反了。

4. 【答案】D

【解析】定位在第四段第三句冒号后面：高等学府的毕业生能够很快调整自身，达到未遭遇 危机时的状态。D 选项与之含义相符。C 明显不对，“not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed”表明，不是所有的毕业生都认为前途渺茫。B 项无中生有。A 与原文相反。

5. 【答案】A

【解析】由最后一句可知，“they certainly will reshape it”表示困难时期的一定会对社会产生影响的，所以 certain 与之相符。由最后一段无法看出是 positive 还是 destructive,所以 B、D 均不正确。A 项是“无足轻重的”，明显不对。

【全文翻译】

大萧条可能已经结束，但高失业率的时代或许才刚刚开始。在情况变好之前，高失业率 可能会改变一代年轻人的人生轨迹，以及性格品行。最终则有可能重塑我们数年来已形成的 政治、文化和社会特色。

没有人比失业者更迫切地在这次全国性的经济大萧条中寻找一线生机。许多人认为，尽 管失业是非常痛苦的，但却使失业者在很多方面都有提升，他们不再那么物质，而且在经济 上变得更加谨慎，他们也更能体会到他人艰苦奋斗的经历，在某些方面，大萧条或许能使社 会变得更美好。最起码，它让我们从一夜暴富和豪宅别墅的全民狂热梦想中醒来，并及时结 束了我们挥金如土的盲目的消费时代。

但对于大多数人而言，这些好处似乎是微乎其微并虚无缥缈的。经济史学家本杰明弗里 德曼在其著作《经济增长的道德意义》一书中表示，无论在美国还是其他国家，长期的经济 停滞或衰退几乎总会国民心胸狭窄，缺乏包容性，从而使人权和自由的发展停滞不前或者倒 退。反移民情绪通常都会高涨，种族和阶级之间的矛盾也会升级。

收入不均的情况通常会在萧条期有所缓解，但此次萧条期却未出现这种情况。的确，这次经济衰退可能会使阶级分化加剧，并减少缓解的机会——对于年轻来说尤其如此，哥伦比亚大学经济学家迪尔瓦赫特的研究表明，不是所有赶上大萧条的毕业生发展机会都很渺茫，

那些名校的毕业生都能迅速赶上如果他们在经济状况好的时候毕业本该拥有的职位，而落在 后面的却是大批普通高校的毕业生。

在互联网时代更容易听到隐藏在美国社会中各种愤恨不满的声音，而在这个时候要准确 辨明经济萧条期是如何影响国民性格的就更难了。在很多方面来看，在进入次萧条期时美国 要比以往任何时期都更具有社会包容性，但进入萧条期后进行的有关社会冲突的全国民意调 查，结果却是喜忧参半。关于经济萧条究竟将如何重塑社会结构，我们需拭目以待。但可以 肯定的是，经济萧条必将重塑社会结构，且萧条期越长，重塑的越深刻。

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