考研英语二真题答案解析:阅读理解分享

今天给大家分享的是考研英语二真题答案解析:阅读理解分享，考研真题在备考过程中具有不可替代的作用，同学们可以好好利用真题更加高效地进行复习备考。以下内容分享给同学们，希望可以帮到大家。

考研英语二真题答案解析:阅读理解分享

Text 3

In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.

On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature… than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”

Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes

interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.

5. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .

[A] genes to be patentable

[B] the BIO to issue a warning

[C] their executives to be active

[D] judges to rule out gene patenting

6. Those who are against gene patents believe that .

[A] genetic tests are not reliable

[B] only man-made products are patentable

[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation

[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests

7. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for .

[A] discovering gene interactions

[B] establishing disease correlations

[C] drawing pictures of genes

[D] identifying human DNA

8. By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Para. 6), the author means that .

[A] the Supreme Court was authoritative

[B] the BIO was a powerful organization

[C] gene patenting was a great concern

[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions

9. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is .

[A] critical

[B] supportive

[C] scornful

[D] objective

Text 3

1. 【答案】C

【解析】文章首段首句提到“In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core。”，即 2010 年，联邦的一项决定震惊了美国的生物科技产业。 后面接着提到，这项决定是“genes were unpatentable”，意思是与基因相关的项目不能够获得专利权，而“executives were violently agitated”，由 agitated(愤怒的)可以推断出正确答案为 A，即生物科技产业希望与基因相关的项目能够获得专利权。

2. 【答案】B

【解析】文章第三段提到了反对基因相关的项目能够获得专利权的三个理由。第一个是，基 因是自然的产品;第二个是，基因获得专利会压制创新;第三个是，基因专利的垄断会限制 基因测试,由此可知，反对者认为只有人造产品才能申请专利。

3. A

【解析】文章第五段中提到“Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy”，即各大公司目前正在研究基因之间的相互作用，寻找它们之间的相关性，从而通过这些相关性推断疾病产 生的原因或预测药物的有效性。而 Hans Sauer 解释到各大公司渴望赢得专利权的原因是“connecting the dots”，这与上句话提到的“疾病之间的相互作用和相互联系”相呼应，故而选A。答案 B 属于偷换概念;答案 C 和 D 在文中没有提到。

4. 【答案】C

【解析】文章最后一段提到了 BIO 最近要召开的一个会议。“Each meeting was packed”，这句话中的“packed”的原义为“打包，包装”，而在此句中的意思是：挤满，塞满。即会议挤满 了人，从而反映了大家对基因专利的关注，故真确答案为 C。

5. D

【解析】从整体上看，作者不仅提到了希望获得基因专利全的生物科技产业为此所作出的努 力，同时也提到了反对者反对的理由，文章第四段进一步提到了基因获得专利过程中遇到的

实际问题。故而，作者多基因专业的态度是客观的，即答案 D。

【全文翻译】

2010 年，一位联邦法官彻底震动了美国生物技术产业。几十年来，各大公司一直持有单离 DNA 的专利权——截至 2005 年，大约 20%的人类基因被授予专利。但 2010 年 3 月， 一位法官即裁定，基因是不可以被授予权利的。一时间，公司高管们陷入了极度的不安，贸易团体生物技术组织向其成员明确表示，这只是未来漫长的斗争中的一个前奏。

7 月 29 日，高管们松了口气，起码是暂时松一口气。联邦上诉法院推翻了之前的判决， 并裁定米利亚德基金公司拥有两项基因的专利权，这两项基因可以帮助预测妇女患乳腺癌的概率。位于犹他州的米利亚德的首席执行官表示，这一判决对企业和患者而言都是一个福音。

但是，由于许多公司不断尝试个性化的业务，法庭仍会纠纷不断。而米利亚德案件本身 似乎就没有结束。批评家提出了反对基因专利权的三个主要理由，基因是自然的产物，因此 不应被授予专利，基因专利会阻碍创新，而不是促进创新，专利的垄断性使基因测试的使用 受限，如米利亚德公司所做的基因测试。越来越多的人似乎同意这些观点，去年，一个联盟 特别小组督促与基因测试相关的专利改革。10 月，司法部提交了一份关于米利亚德案件的资料，提出单离 DNA 分子是一种自然的产物，与从棉花种子中提取出来的棉花纤维是一样的。

尽管上诉法院作出了裁决，但是仍有一些大问题未得到解决，例如，对一整个基因组的

排序是否会侵犯其中单个基因的专利权，这点尚未明确，此案有望上呈至最高法院。

然而，随着生物技术产业的发展，其他案件可能会产生更大的影响。很多企业并不太可 能申请更多的人类 DNA 分子专利，因为绝大多数的 DNA 分子已被授予了专利或者属于公共领域，企业目前正在研究基因之间是如何相互作用的，以寻找可用于确定某些疾病病因或 预测药品疗效的关联。生物技术产业组织的律师汉斯索尔解释说，各大公司都渴望获得基因 专利权，以便研究这些点之间的联系。

这些公司能否获得成功或许与该问题相关的一个诉讼案相关。该诉讼由梅奥诊所提起。 并将由最高法院在下一个开庭日审理。生物技术产业组织近期召开了一个大会，其中包括就不断变换的专利局势对律师进行培训的会议。每次会议都挤满了人。

具体信息请考生关注院校官网等发布的官方消息。

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