2010考研英语二真题答案及解析:阅读理解

下面的内容分享给大家:2010考研英语二真题答案及解析:阅读理解，真题可以帮助考生了解考试的具体题型，从而在复习过程中对不同题型进行有针对性的训练。各位同学们参考如下文章内容，期盼各位考生都能一战成硕。

2010考研英语二真题答案及解析:阅读理解

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors

—habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that

remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

21. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap .

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deeply rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

22. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power

[D] manifest the significant role of good habits

23. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits? [A]Tide

[B] Crest

[C] Colgate

[D] Unilever

24. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to

[A] perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation [C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments

25. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

[A] indifferent

[B] negative

[C] positive

[D] biased

Text 3

【答案解析】

13. 【答案】A

【解析】文章第二段“There are fundamental public health problems, …how to change people’s habits”提到“一些基本的公众健康问题之所以对生命造成威胁，仅仅是因为我们没弄明白如何去改变人们的习惯”。由此可知，如果我们搞清楚如何改变人们的习惯，不用香皂洗手这样的问题就不会造成威胁，因此对用香皂洗手这样的习惯应该加以培养。所以A 项为正确答案。B 项是对文中“change people’s habits”改变人们习惯的误解，故排除。C 项在文中没有提到，也应排除。D 项与原文中的表述不一致，文中提到“fundamental public health problems”也就是说用香皂洗手这样的习惯是公众问题，而不是个人的问题，故排除。

14. 【答案】A

【解析】本段属于典型的举例段落，根据例证题的解答思路，本题答案应该在上段寻找。 阅读上段信息得知后两句同样在举例子，所以本题目的最终定位应该是第四段的首句： If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day…are results of manufactured habits，由此得知“许多产品的使用都是被制造出的习惯”，因此举诸多产品为例目的就是阐述商家对于“人们很多习惯的形成所产生的影响，所以 A 项为正确答案。 B 项中的 urgent need 在文中没有体现，C 项中的 buying power 在文中也没有体现，此两项属无中生有。D 项中的 good habits 显然是错误的标志，作者只是客观阐述产品对人们习惯的影响，没有评论这些习惯的好坏。

15. 【答案】D

【解析】由文章第四段尾句提到人们刷牙用的牙膏通常是 Colgate,Crest or other brands，和第六段中“…Tide, Crest, and other products… Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives”可知，Colgate, Tide, Crest and other products 可以帮助顾客养成良好的习惯，而 Unilever 虽然文中有提，但

它是公司名称，并不是产品名称。所以 D 项为正确选项。

16. 【答案】C

【解析】本章最后一段第一句话中的“there is power in trying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising”是理解的关键。“through ruthless advertising”充分说明人们某些消费习惯的养成深受无情的广告的影响。综合文章前面的论述，广告产品对人们

的影响很大，所以 C 项为正确答案。

17. 【答案】B

【解析】文章的最后一句话的“As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.” 是理解的关键。“controversies have erupted” 众多争议产生，“sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods” 出售有质疑的美容产品或是不健康的食品，综合两者可知广告对人们习惯的影响引起了众多争论，而且许多广告宣传的产品不真实。由此推 出，作者的观点是否定的，所以 B 项为正确答案。

【全文翻译】

在过去的十年中，许多公司完善了引导消费者无意识行为的艺术。在一系列精心设计的 日常暗示影响下，消费者往往几乎不假思索地吃快餐或擦拭柜台，这些行为习惯已经帮助公 司赚取了数十亿美元的收益。

伦敦卫生与热带医学院卫生中心主任 Curtis 博士说，“有一些基本的公共卫生问题，比如不用肥皂洗手的习惯，仍然威胁着人们的生命，这是因为我们还想不出办法去改变人们的 行为习惯，我们想从私营企业那里学习如何创造新的无意识习惯行为。”

Curtis 博士所求助的公司——宝洁、高露洁和联合利华——已经投资数亿美元寻找消费者生活中的微妙线索，而企业可以利用这些线索来引入新的生活习惯。

如果仔细观察，你就会发现我们日常使用的很多产品都是“制造”出习惯的结果。如口香糖、润肤霜、消毒湿巾、空气清新剂、净水器、健康快餐、洁牙剂、织物柔软剂和维生素等。 一个世纪以前，很少有人每天多次地刷牙。而今天，由于精明的广告宣传以及公共卫生运动， 许多美国人每天会习惯性的刷两次他们珍珠般洁白的牙齿，以预防龋齿，经常使用的产品是高露洁，佳洁士或某种其它品牌。

几十年前，许多人不会在餐外时间喝水。后来，饮料公司开始对远处的泉水进行瓶装生 产，现在办公室的工作人员会不假思索地整天喝着瓶装水。口香糖在从前主要是处于青春期 的男孩购买，而现在的商业广告宣传它是饭后清新口气和清洁牙齿的产品。润肤霜被广告宣 称为早晨美容程序的一部分，不知不觉插入梳头和化妆之间。

宝洁公司的汰渍、佳洁士以及其它品牌产品去年的销售额高达 760 亿美元。最近刚从宝洁公司退休的消费心理学家 Carol Berning 说：“我们的产品成为每日或每周的生活模式

(习惯)时，我们的产品就成功了。创造良好的习惯是改善我们消费者生活的重要部分，同 时它对于新产品能否在商业上获得成功也很重要。”

Berning 博士等社会学家通过实验与观察已经了解到：通过大量无休止的广告产生的力量会把行为习惯的暗示转化为特定的行为。随着这一新的行为科学的兴起，许多广告策略 被用来推销受到质疑的美容产品或是不健康的食品，众多争议也随之出现。

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2010考研英语二真题答案及解析:阅读理解是今天带来的全部内容，通过对真题的深入研究，考生可以发现自己在知识掌握上的薄弱环节和不足之处，从而有针对性地调整复习策略，弥补短板。在这里祝各位考生一战成硕。

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