考研英语二练习题及参考答案解析:26考研必备练习题

考研英语二练习题及参考答案解析:26考研必备练习题是今天准备给大家分享的内容，考研真题在备考过程中具有不可替代的作用，同学们可以好好利用真题更加高效地进行复习备考。考生们可以根据自己的实际情况来了解以下文章内容，希望能给各位考生带来帮助。

考研英语二练习题及参考答案解析:26考研必备练习题

Text 1

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently

managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enoughindependence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms

and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked

which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors

under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company

will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to

their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows

they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example ofMs. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.

21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .

[A] gaining excessive profits

[B] failing to fulfill her duty

[C] refusing to make compromises [D] leaving the board in tough times

22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .

[A] generous investors

[B] unbiased executives

[C] share price forecasters [D] independent advisers

23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director’s surprise

departure, the firm is likely to .

[A] become more stable

[B] report increased earnings

[C] do less well in the stock market

[D] perform worse in lawsuits

24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .

[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm

[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm [C] are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm

[D] will decline incentives from the firm

25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .

[A] permissive [B] positive

[C] scornful [D] critical

Text 1

【答案解析】

21. B 根据题干关键词 Paragraph 1 和 Ms. Simmons was criticized for 定位到首段 第三句。文中短语“be under fire”是对题干中“criticized”一词的同义替换，答案在 “for”后的部分。这句话用一个反问句说明她做的事情，作为薪酬委员会的成员让 巨额款项流失，属失职行为，因此答案选 B 项。A 项的干扰来自“have let those enormous bonus payouts pass” ， 发放巨额奖金是对其他人而言，而获得太多利益 是针对个人，主体不同，故 A 项不对。C 项“拒绝妥协”属于无中生有，原文首段 并未提到。D 项属于因果颠倒，“the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board”，并 不是受到批评的原因，而是结果。

22. D 根据题干直接定位到第二段首句“Outside directors …on a firm's board.”从 这句话我们得知外部董事所扮演的角色是 advisers(顾问) ，其特点是 helpful, less biased。接下来，第二句话“they …the chief executive's proposals.”表明外部董事实

际是具有独立性的顾问，因此，D 项为正确答案。A 项属于无中生有，“made their wealth …elsewhere”“在别处创造了财富”并不等于“慷慨的投资者”。B 项干扰来自 yet less biased ， 文 章 中 确 实 提 到 了 “less biased advisers” ， 但 是 选 项 中 是 executive 并不是 advisers ，另外 less biased 不等于选项中的 unbiased ，偷换了概 念 ，故不对 。C 项的干扰来自文章第二段最后一句“If the sky, and the share price …having weathered their own crises”。这句话仍然说明 outside director 作用是 advisers ，并不是股价预测者。

23. C 根据题干定位到第三段第四句和第五句，这两句列出了外部董事离开后可 能出现的三种情况。其中“the stock is likely to perform worse”即为 C 项的意思，选 项中的“do less well”等于原文中的“perform worse” ，故 C 项正确。从文中可知外 部董事突然离开公司后，公司需要重申盈利的可能性增加了近 20%，说明外部董 事的离开会让公司境况变得不好，A 项与原文信息完全相反，应排除。B 项干扰 来 自文 中 “the probability…earnings increases …” 分析句子主干 “the probability increases by nearly 20%”可知不是 earnings 增加 20% 。D 项干扰来自文中“The likelihood …also increases” 。表现不佳是在“stock”中(the stock is likely to perform worse) ，选项把对“stock”的描述强加到“lawsuit”上，张冠李戴，故不选。

24. A 根据题干定位到最后一段第二句“Firms who …create incentives.”这句话的 意思是“想要在困难时期留住外部董事的公司可能不得不采取一些激励政策。” 由此可以推断出外部董事可能会因为公司采取的政策而留下。A 项和原文意思吻 合，故是正确答案。B 项与原文意思不符。原文最后一段最后一句只是说外部董 事在公司犯错时还在公司任职，但并未说外部董事自己居公司留下劣迹，故不选。 最后一段并没有提到外部董事的工作压力，C 项属于无中生有，故不选。文末两 句“Firms who …the example of Ms. Simmons …”只谈到了公司不得不采取一些激 励措施，至于外部董事接受还是拒绝，没有提及。D 项属于过度推理，不选。

25. B 根据题干信息“The author's attitude”和“the roleof outside directors”定位到第 二段“Outside directors …on a firm's board.”。其中原文中的“be supposed to”等于题 干中的“The author's attitude”，“serve as”等于题干中的“the role”。根据这句可知“外 部董事在公司中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。”由此可以判断出作者对 外部董事这一角色持肯定态度。另外根据文章最后一段可知“想要在困难时期留 住外部董事的公司可能不得不采取一些激励政策。”这说明外部董事对公司还是 有积极作用的，综合全文，B 项正确。根据对文章第二段分析可知作者对外部董 事的态度应是正向的，故 C 项和 D 项感情色彩错误，均不选。纵观整篇文章， 作者只是对外部董事进行客观描述，并没有宽容放纵的态度，故 A 项错误。

【全文翻译】

Ruth Simmons 于 2000 年 1 月加入 Goldman Sachs 公司董事会，成为一名外 部董事。一年后，她成为布朗大学的校长。在随后的几年，她明显设法做到了同 时处理两个角色却没有招致太多批评。但是到了2009 年底，Simmons 女士却由 于担任 Goldman 公司薪酬委员会委员而受到人们的抨击;她怎能在无人注意的 情况下发放如此巨额的奖金呢? 到了第二年 2 月 ，Simmons 女士便离开了 Goldman 公司董事会。她说，该职位占用了她自己太多的时间。

外部董事在公司董事会中应该扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。他们在其 他地方已经功成名就，因此他们有足够的独立性来反对首席执行官的提议。如果 公司经营不佳，股价下跌，外部董事还应根据自己克服危机的经验给出建议。

俄亥俄大学的研究人员利用了一个从 1989 年至 2004 年，涵盖超过 10000 多家企业和 64000 多位的外部董事的资料库。接着他们只是核查了那些连任的外 部董事。离职最大的原因是年龄，因此研究人员集中研究了 70 岁以下突然离职 的董事。他们发现外部董事突然离开公司后，公司随后需要重申盈利的可能性增 加了近 20% 。被牵扯到联邦法院所受理的集体诉讼案件中的可能性也随之增加， 而且公司在股市的表现也会变得更糟。公司越大，这种影响也就越深。虽然外部 董事的离职与随后公司的不佳表现之间的相互关系让人浮想联翩，但这并不意味 着外部董事总在公司处于危难时弃之不顾。通常他们会“另谋高就”，离开风险高 的小公司，而选择较为更加稳定的大公司。

但是研究人员相信，如果外部董事在坏消息传出前就离开公司，他们会更轻 易地避免声誉受损。即使历史显示错误出现时，外部董事都在其位。想要在困难 时期留住外部董事的公司可能不得不采取一些激励政策。否则外部董事会效法 Simmons 女士，回到校园，又会成为受欢迎的人。

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