考研真题:英语一阅读答案与解析

考研真题:英语一阅读答案与解析是今天准备给大家分享的内容，真题可以帮助考生了解考试的具体题型，从而在复习过程中对不同题型进行有针对性的训练。大家可以看看以下内容，期望能给同学们带来帮助。

考研真题:英语一阅读答案与解析

Text 2

"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there

ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

21. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.

22. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features. [B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure.

23. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

24. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

25. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance.

[C] slight hesitancy. [D] full approval.

Text 2 答案：26-30 BABCD

1. 答案【B】the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词 Queen Liliuokalani 的 remark 定位到第一段的第一句，所 indicate 的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian 社会中最受尊重的成员。正确选项 B 的 the importance of astronomy 是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members 的总结概括，in ancient Hawaiian society 是原文的原词出现。干扰项 A 的 historical role 属于原文信息的曲解，选项 C 的 regrettable decline 未提及，过度推理，选项 D 不是 in her time，是她评论 ancient 的观星者。

2. 答案【A】its geographical features.

解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的大写字母 Mauna Kea，以及关键词 ideal astronomical site 定位到第二段 But 后面的内容。But 后面说 Mauna Kea 是世界上最有力量的望远镜 home。本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到 Mauna Kea 的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。选项 A 中的 geographical features 就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。干扰项 B 的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰; 选项 C 的宗教暗示根据本段首句 worship 进行干扰，不在定位句里;选项 D 现有的基础设施未提及。

3. 答案【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history.

解析：本题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词 the construction of the TMT 以及opposed by some locals 定位到第四段第二句， 这里提到 a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项 B 中的 remind 是原文的原词复现，a humiliating history(令人耻辱的历史)是对 the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。

4. 答案【A】is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

解析：推断题。本题定位在第五段。五段第一句提到科学也有其文明源头，阐述天文学家(科学)与夏威夷(文化)具有相通之处;第 2 到第 4 句开始对第 1 句进行解释说明—天文学家和夏威夷文化都试图解答共同的人类本源问题(我们是谁、我们来自哪里、我们往哪里去)，第 4 句揭示探索动力(了解自己及祖先的真正家园)，由此可知，今天的天文学取得进步能够圆了古代夏威夷人的梦想，故选 A 项。

5. 答案【D】full approval

解析：第一段第二句 Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境， 作者用了一个 sadly 来形容，明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么?在下一句清楚地说明了 Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos 意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜，你们居然不同意!所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索 There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们没有理由不欢迎吧?也就是用了 no reason 和 cannot 双重否定表肯定，强调说夏威夷人应该欢迎到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产 cultural heritage 的每一个人 everyone。具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每一个人

当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。 所以正确答案是 D。

【全文翻译】

“古老的夏威夷人都是天文学家。”最后一位夏威夷女王利留卡拉尼在 1897 年写道。观星者曾经是夏威夷社会最受人尊敬的群体之一。可悲的是，如今的夏威夷人都不重视天文学了。 人们抗议建造一架 30 米望远镜(TMT)，这是一个有望彻底改变人类宇宙观的巨型天文台。

争论的焦点是 TMT 规划选址位于莫纳克亚山: 一座休眠火山，被许多夏威夷人尊奉为连接夏威夷群岛与中天神的脐带。但是莫纳克亚山也是一些世界顶级望远镜坐落之地。莫纳克 亚山位于太平洋，起山峰高耸于大部分地球稠密的大气层之上，那里的地质条件使得望远镜 能够获得无比清晰的图像。

人们反对在莫纳克亚山建造望远镜，这并不是什么新鲜事儿。一个由夏威夷人和环保主义 分子组成的人数虽少却敢于直言的群体一直都将这些望远镜的存在看作对这片神圣土地的 不尊重、看作对曾经的主权国家已被占领的痛苦提醒。

天文学家应对目前的争议负一定责任。他们渴望建造更大的望远镜，却忘记了科学并非是了解世界的唯一途径，他们没有一直优先考虑保护莫纳克亚山脆弱的生态系统，或者它在岛上居民心中的神圣性。夏威夷文化不是过去的遗物，而是一种正在经历着复兴的鲜活文化。

然而科学也有文化史，其根源可以追溯到文明的开端。探寻超越地平线之外的事情的好奇心，最先将早期的波西尼亚人带到夏威夷海岸。如今这好奇心又启发天文学家去探索太空。 呼吁人们拆掉莫纳克亚山上的所有望远镜或者禁止该地方未来的发展，忽视了这样一个现实，即天文学和夏威夷文化，都致力于回答宏观问题，如:我们是谁，我们从哪里来，以及我们要去往何处?也许这就是我们探索星空的原因，仿佛在回应一个原始召唤其了解我们自己和我们祖先的真正家园。

天文学界正在做出妥协，以改变其对莫纳克亚山的使用方式。TMT 选址将最大程度的降低望远镜在岛屿周围的能见度，同时避免对考古和环境造成影响。为了限制莫纳克亚山上望远镜的数量，旧的望远镜在达到使用年限时将会被拆除，而且原址也会被恢复到自然状态。 莫纳克亚山没有理由不欢迎大家接受其文化遗产并研究星空。

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