考研练习真题:考研英语一阅读理解答案及解析

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考研练习真题:考研英语一阅读理解答案及解析

Text 3

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a

decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

21. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he

[A] praised the UK for its GDP. [B] identified GDP with happiness.

[C] misinterpreted the role of GDP. [D] had a low opinion of GDP.

22. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

[A] the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.

[B] the UK will contribute less to the world economy.

[C] GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.

[D] policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.

23. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?

[A] It excludes GDP as an indicator. [B] It is sponsored by 163 countries.

[C] Its criteria are questionable. [D] Its results are enlightening.

24. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that

[A] the UK is preparing for an economic boom.

[B] high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.

[C] it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.

[D] it requires caution to handle economic issues.

25. Which of the following is the best for the text?

[A] High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson

[B] GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP

[D] Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being

Text 3

答案：31-35 DCDCA

1. 答案【D】had a low opinion of GDP.

解析：题目问的是 Robert 被引用是因为什么。根据题目中的人名定位到第一段第一句话Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”这句话是说这个人认为一个国家的 GDP 可以衡量所有东西，除了让生活有意义的事。这个观点摆明了 Robert 对 GDP 持不欣赏的态度。D 选项 a low opinion 不高的评

价，显然是对原文的概括性描述，因此选 D。

2. 答案【C】GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.

解析：题目明确说了从第二段中找答案。A 选项中的 economic pattern 在原文中没有直接的表达，但在二段末句···people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?中，原文有提到人们投票脱欧，尽管有很多人警告他们这样做可能会对国家经济前景有影响。这说明英国人不怕改变现有经济状况，因此与 A 中的reluctant 不情愿不相符。B 选项中英国对世界经济的贡献问题，在第二段中完全没提，只有the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world 英国 GDP 让西方世界嫉妒的表述。C 选项说 GDP 用来衡量幸福的作用以及被英国人普遍否定了。原文中第二段第二句说 it is a flawed concept，认为 GDP 是有问题的，第三句紧接着说 It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do 表面 GDP 其实忽视了很多关键的东西，并不能衡量幸福。第四句、第五句拿 UK 来举例，说英国 GDP 很好，但是人们却要脱欧来改变现状，暗示人们的生活并不好。整段说明了英国人并不认为他们的高 GDP 给她们带来了好的生活，与 C 选项正好形成正话反说，为正确选项。D 选项 policymakers 在第二段第一句出现，并没有说就是英国的 policymakers。

3. 答案【D】Its results are enlightening.

解析： 这题根据题干中的 recent annual study 定位到第三段第一句 A recent annual study ...and ...sheds some light on that question。这句话中的 shed light on 短语就是照亮，阐释的意思，跟 D 选项中的 enlighten 启发是同义转换，因此为正确答案。

4. 答案【C】it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.

解析 ：从题目可知答案来自于最后两段。第六段第一句···, as a measure, it is no longer enough 说明 GDP 不靠谱，第二句 It does not include important factors···that contribute to a person's sense of well-being 说明 GDP 没有包含所有个人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句 But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.也明确说了制定政策的人要关注提高福利，而不是简单关注 GDP 数字。这些句子都与 C 选项 factors beyond GDP 相符。

5. 答案【A】High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson

解析：第一段第一句就引用名人名言，说 GDP 是不靠谱的，第二句就拿英国脱欧举例，说

it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to，表明英国脱欧证明他说得有道理，

咱们要好好听听。第二段继续说英国 GDP 高，但是人们要搞事——脱欧，说明人们日子不好过。第三段，第四段开始分析为啥英国人不乖乖听话过日子，原来是福利在后退 but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline。第五段直接说富裕国家要引以为戒：This is a lesson that rich countries can learn。所以整篇文章的主题就是 GDP 不靠谱，福利不给力不行，英国脱欧是例证。A 选项正好包括了这三个要素， High GDP, Inadequate Well-being 和 a UK lesson 因此选 A。

【全文翻译】

罗伯特·F·肯尼迪曾经说过，一个国家的 GDP 可以衡量“除了使生活有价值的事情之外的任何事情”。随着英国投票脱离欧盟，以及人们预测 GDP 将因此而下滑，现在是时候来评估其话语指的是什么了。

半个多世纪以来 GDP 及其效应问题一直困扰着政策制定者，许多人认为这是一个有缺陷的概念。它衡量无关紧要的事情，而漏掉了真正重要的事情。从最新衡量标准来看，因其 低失业率和高增长率，英国的 GDP 一直以来受到很多西方国家的羡慕。如果一切进展顺利的话，为什么多达 1700 万民众都投票支持脱欧呢?尽管有警示表明脱欧可能会对国家的经济前景产生影响。

最近一项有关“各国及其将经济增长转化为福利的能力”的年度调查进一步解释了这个 问题。在 163 个参与衡量的国家中，在确保将经济增长转化为有意义的民生改善方面，英国是表现最差的国家之一。其衡量标准并非只关注 GDP, 还涉及健康、教育和公民社会参与度等 40 多个不同的标准，旨在对各国的表现做出更全面的评估。

尽管这些国家都面临各自的挑战，但仍然存在很多一样问题。的确，自 2008 年全球危机以来，经济复苏的苗头已经出现，但是主要经济体在卫生和教育这类关键指标方面则继续下 滑。然而并不是所有的国家都这样，一些相对贫穷的欧洲国家已经采取措施在社会文明、收 入平等和环境改善等方面取得了巨大的进步。

这是富裕国家应该学习的地方:当 GDP 不再被视为衡量一个国家成功的唯一指标时，世界看起来就大为不同了。

因此肯尼迪所指的就是: 尽管 GDP 一直是衡量国家经济行为最常见的方法，但作为一种衡量标准，它已不足以担此重任。它不包括如环境质量和教育成果等有助于提升个人幸福 感的重要因素。

据预测，全世界和英国的经济增长都将遭受重创，这可能会导致我们提升幸福感和促进 个人发展所依赖的日常服务的下降。然而，政策制定者应重新注重提升福利，而不只是担心 GDP 数据，如此才能避免预期的灾难，甚至还可能取得进步。

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