26考研练习题分享:考研英语一阅读理解答案解析

现在给大家分享26考研练习题分享:考研英语一阅读理解答案解析，真题可以帮助考生了解考试的具体题型，从而在复习过程中对不同题型进行有针对性的训练。大家可以参考下面的文章，祝各位同学们都能成功上岸。

26考研练习题分享:考研英语一阅读理解答案解析

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies— at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ( FCPA ) .It argues that since

prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be

influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

21. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] uncertainty

[B] skepticism

[C] approval

[D] tolerance

22. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] guarding it against malpractices

[B] protecting it from being defamed

[C] winning trust from consumers.

[D] raising the quality of its products

23. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to

[A] less controversial

[B] more lasting

[C] more effective

[D] less severe

24. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] comes across as reliable evidence

[B] has an impact on their decision

[C] increases the chance of being penalized

[D] constitutes part of the investigation

25. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?

[A] The necessary amount of companies, spending on it is unknown

[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated

[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked

[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry

Text 2

26、【答案】A is not reflected in politics

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干"英国大众对于乡村的观点"，可定位于文章的第一段。 从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将"乡村"和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。A 选项"is not well reflected in politics"在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换，故选 A。

27、【答案】D gradually destroyed

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干很明确能回文定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的"a century ago"和后面的"later"可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是"now"，所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分，而这部分中"They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it."一句表明现在的 National Trust 已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成

就已经消失了。D 选项 gradually destroyed 正是对这一意思的表述，故选 D。28、【答案】C Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation

【解析】推理判断题。回文定位到第三段，该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点(及第 一段中提到的观点)的态度：基本都不赞同。最后一部分"only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land"该句说明只有Ukip 这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。C 选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选 C。

29、【答案】A shows his disregard for the character of the rural area

【解析】第五段第 6 句、7 句话指出：乡村得到了发展，并且将一直发展下去，边界及特点被尊重的乡村发展得最好;第 8 句、9 句批判奥斯本偏好“支持在乡村新建而不是在城市中翻新或改造，支持在城郊修建购物中心而非在城中建商业街”：没有破坏城市保护区，却破坏了乡村保护区。故选 A。

30、【答案】C the town-and-country planning Britain

【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲 Britain 经过半个世纪 the town-and-country planning 有计划的发展，取得了很好的成效。故选择 C the town-and-country planning Britain.

【全文翻译】

历史上首次出现居住在城镇的人口比居住在乡村的人口多这一现象，这在英国出现了一 个奇怪的结果。尽管民意调查显示，英国人认为乡村与皇宫、莎士比亚和国民医疗保障制度 一样，是他们最引以为豪的地方，但这种观点却得到有限的政治支持。

一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚·希尔创立了国家信托，旨在“为每个人永久保存自然美景”， 而非拯救时尚住宅。他专门为城镇居民提供一片可以呼吸“新鲜空气”的休闲场所，在希尔的呼吁下，后来就创造出了国家公园和绿化带。乡村的面积一直没有增加，而且每年的钢筋混凝土却吞噬掉越来越多的乡村，乡村需要持久的保护。

下届选举中，似乎没有一个大党派支持此观点。保守党的规划改革明确指出，乡村发展优先于乡村保护，他们甚至授权在当地居民可能反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。可持续发 展的概念已经被定义为是有利可图的，同样工党也想在地方议会反对开发的地方中止地区规 划。自由民主党则保持沉默，只有独立党意识到这是一个机会，支持那些呼吁就绿地使用问 题采取更深思熟虑的方法的人。独立党地保护英国乡村运动使许多地方保守党感到恐惧。

在基础设施健全的城镇，适合建造新房屋、工厂和办公室的地方就是有人们居住的地方。 伦敦地产代理公司Stirling Ackroyd 最近仅在伦敦地区就选定了足够建造 50 万座房屋的建筑用地，而且没有占用绿化带，伦敦能做到的外省更能做到。

房屋危机等同于在草地上浇筑混凝土，这种想法纯粹是游说集团的说辞。问题不是需要建造更多房屋，而一直是在哪里建造房屋。在游说团体的压力下，乔治·奥斯本偏向于乡村新建而非城镇革新。他支持室外购物场所，而非商业街。这不是自由市场，而是一个有偏见 的市场。乡镇和村庄已经发展起来了，并将持续发展。那些建筑围绕它们而建并且不损害它 们特点的村镇发展得最好。我们没有破坏城市的保护区，又为什么要破坏乡村的保护区呢? 应当规划发展而非任意行事。英国世纪荷兰之后，欧洲最拥挤的国家。半个世纪的城乡

规划使得英国能够在实现城市居住低密度的同时，也能保持令人羡慕的乡村协调性。与葡萄 牙南部西班牙和爱尔兰被毁的地貌相比，选择何种发展答案显而易见，应当协调左右两派来 避免而非促进地貌被毁。

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以上就是26考研练习题分享:考研英语一阅读理解答案解析，认真研读真题可以避免大部分复习误区，提高同学们的备考效率。大家可以在右侧小窗留言有关考研的相关内容。

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