I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)
Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ________ over all the other issues.
A. precedence B. prosperity C. presumption D. probability
2. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ________ qualified sources of information and examples.
A. manipulated B. unbiased C. distorted D. conveyed
3. Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil ________ and desertification in the long run.
A. erosion B. depletion C. violation D. delusion
4. In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s ________ to obtain a license.
A. sanction B. warrant C. malignance D. affirmation
5. The discrepancy in the company accounts is so ________ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.
A. spontaneous B. conspicuous C. notorious D. superfluous
6. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would ________, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.
A. prevail B. preside C. perish D. persecute
7. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers ________ great significance.
A. takes on B. works out
C. brings about D. gives in
8. The book might well have ________ had it been less expensive.
A. worked out B. gone through C. caught on D. fitted in
9. I’ll have to ________ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.
A. let off B. let go C. let loose D. let out
10. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff ________.
A. moral B. mortal C. morale D. mores
11. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ________ between the computer and the human brain.
A. profile B. mighty C. analogy D. leakage
12. These natural resources will be ________ sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.
A. depleted B. deployed C. inclined D. mingled
13. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. that B. as C. so D. very
14. Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in ________.
A. expiration B. explanation C. expertise D. expenditure
15. Stocks are not goods – they merely are ________, exchanging current cash flows from future ones.
A. conducts B. conduction C. conduits D. products
16. A product is to be regarded as being ________ when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.
A. discharged B. discarded C. disposed D. dumped
17. The government decided to take a ________ action to strengthen the market management.
A. diverse B. durable C. epidemic D. drastic
18. Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to ________ recent productivity gains.
A. reverse B. reserve C. retrieve D. revise
19. The students seldom wash their own clothes; ________ they help their parents do some housework.
A. rather than do B. much less do
C. much more do D. much less
20. In linking geographically disparate people, the Internet is arguably helping millions of spontaneous communities to bloom: communities defined by common interests rather than by the accident of ________.
A. affluence B. reciprocity C. contemporariness D. proximity
21. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ________.
A. pull back B. pull through C. pull up D. pull out
22. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ________ Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.
A. as was B. than was C. than did D. as did
23. A ________ negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.
A. perpetual B. pernicious C. preventive D. pervasive
24. ________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
25. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style ________ over another before being replaced.
A. dominates B. manipulates C. overwhelms D. prevails
26. Some of the paintings formerly ________ the Italian Renaissance artist are now thought to have been created by one of his students.
A. submitted to B. adapted from C. denied by D. attributed to
27. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.
A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues
28. People who suffer from ________, for example, tend to have difficulties gauging facial cues, so their attention is less influenced by where somebody is looking.
A. autism B. assertiveness C. extroversion D. sociability
29. We’re starting to realize that magicians have a lot of implicit knowledge about how we perceive the world around us because they have to deceive us in terms of controlling attention, exploiting the ________ we make when we do and don’t notice a change in our environment.
A. imaginations B. conceptions C. perceptions D. assumptions
30. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s ________ about health problems.
A. allegiance B. alliance C. allegations D. alliteration
II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are four passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)
Passage 1
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
Over the past decade, throughout the western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.
And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.
In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.
31. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?
A. The appearance of big mass media firms.
B. The emergence of advertising in newspapers.
C. The popularity of radio and television.
D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.
32. Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?
A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6%between 2005 and 2009.
B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.
C. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.
D. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.
33. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?
A. Challenging the traditional media.
B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.
C. Providing people with access to classified files.
D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.
34. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes ________.
A. the changing characteristics of news audience
B. the more diversified means of news distribution
C. the participatory nature of news
D. the more varied sources of news
35. The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ________.
A. optimistic and cautious B. supportive and skeptical
C. doubtful and reserved D. ambiguous and cautious
Passage 2
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club – Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales – a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe – only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere – on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”
36. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.
A. maintain the present status among the nations
B. reduce legislative powers of England
C. create a better state of equality among the nations
D. grant more say to all the nations in the union
37. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means ________.
A. separatist B. traditional C. feudal D. political
38. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT ________.
A. people’s desire for devolution
B. powers of the legislative body
C. status of the national language
D. locals’ turnout for the voting
39. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?
A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.
B. Poverty-relief funds have been allocated by the European Union.
C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.
40. According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is ________.
A. people’s mentality B. pop culture
C. town’s appearance D. possibilities for the people
Passage 3
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
41. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.
A. search for suspects’ mobile phones without being authorized
B. check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
C. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
D. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
42. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ________.
A. disapproval
B. neutrality
C. tolerance
D. cautiousness
43. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to ________.
A. getting into one’s residence
B. handing one’s historical records
C. scanning one’s correspondences
D. going through one’s wallet
44. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.
A. principles are hard to be clearly expressed
B. the court is giving police less room for action
C. phones are used to store sensitive information
D. citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
45.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ________.
A. the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
B. new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
C. California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
D. Principles of the Constitution should never be altered
Passage 4
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda – to lure us to open our wallets – they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
What we forget – what our economy depends on is forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
46. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.
A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
B. art grows out of both positive and negative feeling
C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness
D. artists have changed their focus of interest
47. The word “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.
A. religious B. happy C. entertaining D. unpleasant
48. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.
A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer
C. replaces the church as a major source of information
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
49. Which of the following is true of the text?
A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
D. mass media tend to cover disasters and deaths.
50. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.
A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness
B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing
C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied
D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
Section B Short-Answer Questions (10%)
Passage 5
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all U.S. workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives – how they live, work and spend – even the way they think about the future.
For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husband’s paycheck to keep her family fed.
Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says.
Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly – I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit – everything from strawberry beds to apple trees – and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better – it’s fresher and organic – and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.
After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,” she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident about attempting things I’ve never done before.” Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt and make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better.”
51. What can you learn about the impact of the recession from the first paragraph?
52. What made the family’s financial situation even worse?
53. What did Cindy grow in her garden?
54. Why does Cindy view gardening as a genuine pleasure?
55. What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?
III. Writing (30%)
Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes related to the following topic. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.
Actors from the Shanghai Kun Opera Troupe perform The Orphan of Zhao, at the 1st Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Chinese Opera Culture Festival, on Nov 5, 2020. The festival was unveiled on Thursday in the Macao special administrative region. Peking opera, Kun opera, Yu opera and Cantonese opera are all featured at the event, collectively displaying the essence and charm of Chinese theater.
How should traditional Chinese culture go global? Please develop your point of view into an essay of about 400-500 words.
以上来源于：暨南大学官网
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