2022考研英语一真题阅读理解答案解析

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2022考研英语一真题阅读理解答案解析

Text 1

People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.

Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “It’ s like baking a cake: If you don’t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”

And sometimes, it’s not the artist’s fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets” -large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets -which meant they had to be durable.

Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi’s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.

Despite success stories like van Oosten’ s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history - Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on - after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve ... will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”

21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in ______.

[A] maintaining their plastic items

[B] obtaining durable plastic artifacts

[C] handling outdated plastic exhibits

[D] classifying their plastic collections

22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are ______.

[A] immune to decay

[B] improperly shaped

[C] inherently flawed

[D] complex in structure

23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to ______.

[A] keep them from hurting visitors

[B] duplicate them for future display

[C] have their ingredients analyzed

[D] prevent them from further damage

24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is ______.

[A] costly

[B] unworthy

[C] unpopular

[D] challenging

25. In Ferreira' s opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts ______.

[A] will inspire future scientific research

[B] has profound historical significance

[C] will help us separate the material ages

[D] has an impact on today’s cultural life

Text 1答案及解析

21.【答案】[A] maintaining their plastic items

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和museums are faced with difficulties in定位到第一段⑦句：All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(所有这些给一些机构带来了巨大的麻烦，比如试图保护具有重要文化意义的物品的博物馆)。其中all of which指代上文③至⑥句所提到的塑料材料的种种问题：But some plastic materials change over time … melt into sludge.(一些塑料材料随着时间的推移而改变……融化成污泥)，可见，博物馆在维护其塑料藏品方面有困难。A项maintaining their plastic items(维护他们的塑料藏品)是对③至⑦句的概括总结，maintain对应preserve。所以本题选A。

22.【答案】[C] inherently flawed

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are定位到第二段①句(其中certain plastic objects对应Certain artifacts)：Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten(Thea van Oosten说，某些手工艺品特别脆弱，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱并不总是知道如何正确地混合原料)。可见，某些塑料艺术品在制作过程中就存在原料未能正确混合的问题，导致塑料艺术品本身就存在缺陷。C项inherently flawed(本身存在缺陷)是对①句的概括总结。所以本题选C。

23.【答案】[D] prevent them from further damage

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to定位到第四段②③句。②句指出It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling(它极易受到光的损害，到了20世纪90年代中期，Gilardi的南瓜、玫瑰和其他图形都在分裂和破碎)，③句继而指出Museums locked some of them away in the dark(博物馆把其中一些锁在黑暗中)。可见，博物馆将之封存在黑暗中是为了避免其遭受更多的光损害。D项prevent them from further damage(避免它们受到进一步的损害)是对②③句的合理推断。所以本题选D。

24.【答案】[D] challenging

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词preservation of plastics定位到第六段①句：Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder(尽管有van Oosten这样的成功案例，但塑料的保存可能会变得更加困难)。D项challenging(挑战性的)是对get harder的同义替换。所以本题选D。

25.【答案】[B] has profound historical significance

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Ferreira和preservation of plastic artifacts定位到第七段②③句。②句指出archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums(考古学家在检查了博物馆中的文物后，首先确定了人类历史上伟大的物质时代——石器时代、铁器时代等等)，③句承接②句指出We now live in an age of plastic … “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve … will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”(我们现在生活在塑料时代……“我们决定收集什么，我们决定保存什么……将对我们未来的形象产生重大影响。”)。可见，我们对塑料工艺品的保存对于未来定义我们的时代意义重大。B项has profound historical significance(具有深远的历史意义)是对②③句的概括总结。所以本题选B。

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