2021考研英语语法大全：介词

考研英语考的主要是基础与技巧，基础主要考词汇和语法，而技巧考的的逻辑推理，今天启航考研英语老师主要向大家分享2021考研英语语法大全：介词。

介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词，它不能单独作句子成分，后接名词、代词等作其宾语。

一、介词搭配

介词常与名词、动词、形容词等搭配。

(一)与名词搭配

如：

in deficit (赤字，逆差)

approach to (……的方法)

in the wake of (紧紧跟随，随着……而来)

from scratch (从零开始)

例句： China also signed a longterm trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979.

分析： 该句是并列句。

译文： 1978年中国还与欧洲经济共同体签署了长期贸易协议;随着1979年初与美国外交关系正常化的到来，中国与美国的贸易也迅速增长。

(二)与动词搭配

如：

move along (沿着)

bustle about (匆忙)

buoy up (上升)

rein in (抑制)

pass down (使流传)

例句： The decline was partly caused by Indias reining in of its budget deficit and the shortterm effects of the implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures.

分析： 该句是简单句。

译文： 衰退的部分原因是印度抑制其预算赤字及推行强有力的紧急稳定措施的短期效果。

例句： Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage， either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. (选自2009年Text 2)

分析： 该句是复合句，句子主干是most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either...or...引导的并列短语作a single lineage的同位语，which is passed down only from mothers是一个修饰mitochondrial DNA的非限制性定语从句。

译文： 然而，许多血统检测仅仅考虑一个单一的血统，要么是遗传来自父亲家庭里的Y染色体，要么是仅从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。

(三)与形容词搭配

如：

amenable to (对……负责)

conducive to (对……有益)

awkward for (对……不便，对……不合适)

例句： Korea traditionally has made things awkward for foreigners in terms of its financial systems, its real estate laws and so forth.

分析： 该句是简单句。

译文： 韩国传统上一直在金融体制、不动产法等方面让外国人感到极不方便。

二、介词分类

(一)简单介词

介词由一个单词构成，常见的有：

aboutaboveacross

afteragainstalong

among(a)roundas

atbeforebehind

belowbeneathbeside(s)

betweenbeyond but

byconsidering(考虑到) concerning(关于)

despite(尽管，任凭) downduring

except for from

in insideinto

including likenear

of offon

opposite outsideover

past regarding(关于)since

through tillthroughout

to toward(s)under

upwithwithin

without

例句： Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response: causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. (选自2008年Text 1)

分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分为studies...have shown that...。分词causing...作状语表示伴随，其逻辑主语是sex hormones。

译文： 对人和动物的研究已经表明性激素荷尔蒙以某种方式会影响对压力的反应;结果造 成在同等条件下，妇女处于压力下会比男人产生更多的诱发性的化学物质。

例句： Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. (选自2011年Text 4)

分析： 该句是复合句。that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present是一个定语从句，修饰image of parenthood，介词短语like Us Weekly and People作后置定语，修饰celebrity magazines。

译文： 当然，《我们周刊》、《人物》等名人杂志中呈现出来的父母形象非常不切实际，尤其当母亲是布洛克这样的单亲妈妈时更是如此。