考研英语每日经典长难句分析 2018.12.06

The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

· 词的处理 ·

empirical / imˈpirikl / adj. 经验主义的

approach / əˈprəutʃ / n. 方式，方法

identify / aiˈdentifai / vt. 认出，发现

trait / treit / 特征，特点

represent / ˌrepriˈzent / vt. 代表

bias / ˈbaiəs / n. 偏见

result from 由于

cognitive / ˈkɔɡnətiv / adj. 认知的

constraint / kənˈstreint / n. 限制

· 句子翻译分析 ·

【参考译文】

The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

第二种是Joshua Greenberg的所做的尝试(0.5分)，他采用了更经验主义的方法去研究语言中的普遍性(0.5分)，鉴别出许多语言所共有的特征(尤其是在语序方面)(0.5分)，而这些特征被认为代表了认知约束所产生的偏好(0.5分)。

【结构解析】

1. 句子较长，其主干为主谓宾结构，即：the second/ takes / a more empirical approach to universality.

2. by Joshua Greenberg 为插入语，修饰主语the second; identifying traits 为结果状语; (particularly in word order)为插入语修饰traits; shared by many langauges 为后置定语，修饰traits; which are considered to represent biases 为定语从句，修饰traits; that result from cognitive constraints为定语从句，修饰biases.