考研英语每日经典长难句分析 2018.11.14

A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

· 词的处理 ·

behaviorist n.行为主义者

humans n.人类

beings n. (任何真实或虚构的) 生物

shape vt. 塑造

surroundings n. 周围环境

maintain vt. 维持;维修;主张

respond vi. 回答;作出反应;

stimuli n. 刺激;刺激物;促进因素(stimulus的复数)

· 句子翻译分析 ·

A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

译：一位名叫B.F.史基纳的行为主义者认为人类是行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的生物。行为主义者坚信，人像机器一样，对环境的刺激作出反应，这是他们行为的基础。

1. 首句主干：A behaviorist sees humans as beings. 修饰成分：B.F. Skinner 与a behaviorist 互为同位语;whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. 为定语从句，修饰beings.

2. 句子主干为“主谓宾”结构= the behaviorists +maintain +that 引导的宾语从句。修饰成分：like machines 修饰宾语从句的主语humans, 译为：像机器一样;as the basis of their behavior 为as 引导的介词短语，修饰整句话，直译为：作为他们行为的基础，意译为：是他们行为的基础。

翻译技巧：“逐字翻译”是很多同学理解和翻译长难句的致命障碍，因为纠结于某一个表达的译文，如see humans as beings whose，就可能生硬的译为：将人类看做生物，其……;导致虽然知道该句的大概含义，却写不出人话的话语。

此时，建议一定不要逐字翻译，而是把握主要信息，即：该部分的名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词的基本含义，然后组合汉语表达即可。因此，该句还可以译为：一位名叫B.F.史基纳的行为主义者认为，人的行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的。